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371.
Nitrogen regulation of the climate-carbon feedback: evidence from a long-term global change experiment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Modeling studies have shown that nitrogen (N) strongly regulates ecosystem responses and feedback to climate warming. However, it remains unclear what mechanisms underlie N regulation of ecosystem-climate interactions. To examine N regulation of ecosystem feedback to climate change, we have conducted a warming and clipping experiment since November 1999 in a tallgrass prairie of the Great Plains, USA. Infrared heaters were used to elevate soil temperature by an average of 1.96 degrees C at a depth of 2.5 cm from 2000 to 2008. Yearly biomass clipping mimicked hay or biofuel feedstock harvest. We measured carbon (C) and N concentrations, estimated their content and C:N ratio in plant, root, litter, and soil pools. Warming significantly stimulated C storage in aboveground plant, root, and litter pools by 17%, 38%, and 29%, respectively, averaged over the nine years (all P < 0.05) but did not change soil C content or N content in any pool. Plant C:N ratio and nitrogen use efficiency increased in the warmed plots compared to the control plots, resulting primarily from increased dominance of C4 plants in the community. Clipping significantly decreased C and N storage in plant and litter pools (all P < 0.05) but did not have interactive effects with warming on either C or N pools over the nine years. Our results suggest that increased ecosystem nitrogen use efficiency via a shift in species composition toward C4 dominance rather than plant N uptake is a key mechanism underlying warming stimulation of plant biomass growth. 相似文献
372.
采用等温平衡法研究3种性质不同的磷肥(磷酸二铵,钙镁磷肥和磷矿粉)对棕壤铜吸附量的影响,并应用Freundlich方程Cs=KfCen分析土壤铜的吸附特征。结果表明,与不施磷肥处理(对照)相比,当n(磷):n(铜)=1:1时,钙镁磷肥和磷矿粉增加棕壤对铜的吸附量,分别增加107%和158%;不同用量的磷酸二铵均会降低棕壤对铜的吸附能力;增加非水溶性磷肥(钙镁磷肥和磷矿粉)的施用量,能增加棕壤对铜的吸附量,提高棕壤的吸附能力;高量磷矿粉的作用效果最为明显。由此可知,为降低农产品质量安全风险,铜污染棕壤上不宜施用磷酸二铵,但可选用磷矿粉作为肥源。 相似文献
373.
建立室内的土壤硫酸粘菌素暴露胁迫模型,采用末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,T-RFLP)技术分析不同浓度硫酸粘菌素残留对土壤反硝化细菌的影响。结果表明,每个处理组nirS、nosZ基因的分类操作单元(Operational Taxonomic Units,OTU)总数均比对照组低,且nirS基因呈现剂量依赖效应;各组优势细菌nirS基因主要集中在10个片段中,nosZ基因主要集中在18个片段中,nirS基因较nosZ基因丰度变化大;多样性指数分析表明,nirS基因Shannon指数在7 d时,高浓度组较对照组差异显著(P0.05); Simpson指数在各浓度处理组较对照组差异均显著(P0.05); Pielou指数在7 d、49 d时,高浓度处理组与对照组差异显著(P0.05); nosZ基因Shannon指数在35 d时,中浓度组与对照组差异显著(P0.05); 49 d时,低浓度组与对照组差异显著(P0.05); Simpson指数在21 d、35 d时,低浓度组与对照组差异显著(P0.05); Pielou指数在各处理组之间差异均不显著(P0.05)。当药物含量≥5 mg·kg~(-1)时,反硝化细菌的均匀度、群落多样性降低,优势度升高,群落结构特征均发生改变,其中对nirS基因影响显著。nirS基因更适合作为硫酸粘菌素污染的指示基因。 相似文献
374.
Urban green space, particularly the tree canopy, plays an important role in potential mitigation against atmospheric particulate pollution and protecting human health. In this study, current and future air particulate matter [including total suspended particulate (TSP), particulate matter 10 (PM10), and particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)] removal by the urban tree canopy of Beijing was estimated. A modeling approach was used based on the distributed measurement evaluation and a modified version. The urban tree canopy of Beijing, including mostly Platycladus sp., Pinus sp., Quercus sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, and economic forests, currently removes about 8.33 million kg/a air particulates, in which TSP accounted for 4.51 million kg/a, PM10 accounted for 2.74 million kg/a, and PM2.5 accounted for 1.08 million kg/a. The study on the removal of air particulates by different aged tree canopies showed that in coniferous trees, the ability to capture air particulates changed in the order of mature and over-mature > near-mature forest > young forest; in broadleaf forest, the ability changed in the order of near-mature forest > mature and over-mature > young forest. For total particulate matter, the biggest contribution was coarse particulates (60.74%); the contribution rate of fine particulates was different owing to different tree species groups. The results suggested that the ability of different trees to capture particles and age of forests varied widely and that suitable trees should be chosen to enhance pollution mitigation for city greening. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
375.
通过振动台模型试验探讨震动强度对反倾层状岩质边坡动力响应规律的影响,着重分析边坡加速度响应峰值、加速度放大系数随震动强度增加的变化规律。结果表明:①随着震动强度增加,模型边坡各测点的加速度响应峰值不断增大,地震波频率和测点位置影响加速度响应峰值的增加方式;②震动强度对模型边坡各测点加速度放大系数的影响因地震波频率、测点位置的不同而有不同的表现。同一频率地震波作用下,相同高程的测点加速度放大系数随震动强度增加的变化规律相同;③0.20g是边坡变形破坏的临界加速度值;④震动强度的变化并不改变加速度响应峰值、加速度放大系数在边坡中的分布。该研究结果对高地震区的地质灾害防治具有指导和借鉴-意义。 相似文献
376.
Qiuzhun Chen Xiang Zhang Bing Li Shengli Niu Gaiju Zhao Dong Wang Yue Peng Junhua Li Chunmei Lu John Crittenden 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):92
377.
硒化氢发生-硒化银溶胶法测定微量硒 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
人体内微量硒的存在对人的健康至关重要,缺硒会引起一些严重的疾病。本文基于在酸性介质中,用硼氢化钾片将硒离子转变为硒化氢,再以硝酸银-阿拉伯胶溶液吸收显色,形成的硒化银溶胶在紫外区有最大吸收,从而建立了一个测定微量硒的新的分光光度法。此方法的特点是:操作简便快速,有较高的选择性和灵敏度,检出限为0.04Ppm。本方法用于硒酵母、人发、大米和人尿等样品中硒的测定,取得了满意的结果。 相似文献
378.
Yanlin Niu Jun Yang Qi Zhao Yuan Gao Tao Xue Qian Yin Peng Yin Jinfeng Wang Maigeng Zhou Qiyong Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(7):81
379.
380.