Products of methotrexate during chlorination

Methotrexate(MTX)is a cytotoxic drug widely used in the treatment of tumors,autoimmune diseases and severe asthma. jen00883 This drug has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment with concentrations up to μg/L levels. The MTX present in environmental water might be transformed and removed during chlorination disinfection treatment. In this work,the fate of MTX during aqueous chlorination was investigated in laboratory batch experiments,and the transformation products of MTX were identified. Aqueous solutions of MTX(1 mg/L)were chlorinated by sodium hypochlorite solution at room temperature under neutral p H conditions. Chlorinated products were pre-concentrated with solid-phase extraction(SPE)cartridges and determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(LC–ESI–MS/MS). The reaction of MTX chlorination exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics and the half-life time of MTX degradation was calculated to be 1.65 min,when the initial chlorine concentration was 2 mg/L. Two chlorinated MTX congeners,4-amino-3-chlorinated-N10-methylpteroylglutamic(monochloro-MTX)and 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-N10-methylpteroylglutamic(dichloro-MTX)were found in the chlorinated solution. Monochloro-MTX was successfully fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and its structure was further identified using ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis. The presence of the two products in real hospital wastewater was then examined and both compounds were detected. Finally,the effects of MTX and monochloro-MTX on the cell cycle progression in vitro were evaluated using zebrafish liver cell line. It was found that both compounds could inhibit the proliferation of zebrafish liver cells through S phase arrest and their effects on the cell cycle profile had no significant difference.     

QuickTOC320e在线监测仪的应用

对QuickTOC320e在线监测仪的测量原理、技术指标及安装调试和考核验收进行了介绍。QuickTOC320e在线监测仪具有较高的准确性，能较好地适应化纤污水水样的分析，能够对化纤污水排放水质进行连续监测，为装置运行提供参考。     

矿山机电安全管理GIS系统的研究与开发

本文从我国矿山安全技术研究的现状出发,分析了矿山生产所存在的隐患问题,根据矿山生产管理的特点,结合GIS(地理信息系统)的功能,利用ComGIS与WebGIS理论以及网络技术,初步建立了一个基于GIS的矿山机电管理信息系统.系统通过对矿山机电信息的管理、检索和分析,可以为管理者提供形象、直观的决策和依据,对于开展矿山安全生产工作和信息化管理模式具有重要的指导意义.     

绝缘材料厂高浓度有机废水处理技术

针对江苏某绝缘材料厂废水中酚含量高、酚醛摩尔比≤ 1及酚醛缩合后剩余有机物在催化氧化作用下易分解的水质特点 ,采用了二次缩合 +化学氧化 +粉煤灰吸附组合处理工艺。实际运行结果表明 ,该工艺切实可行 ,处理后不仅出水各项指标达到了GB8978 98污水综合排放一级标准 ,同时还回收了一定数量的酚醛树脂     

Photodegradation of hydroxyfluorenes in ice and water: A comparison of kinetics,effects of water constituents,and phototransformation by-products

The photochemical behavior of organic pollutants in ice is poorly studied in comparison to aqueous photochemistry.Here we report a detailed comparison of ice and aqueous photodegradation of two representative OH-PAHs,2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFL) and 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFL),which are newly recognized contaminants in the wider environment including colder regions.Interestingly,their photodegradation kinetics were clearly influenced by whether they reside in ice or water.Under the same simulated s...     

循环经济催生经济"和"论

生态危机,是自然资源的有限性与人的需求无限性之间的矛盾表现;是人的资本之“欲”与自然的生态之“理”的剧烈冲突;是自然对人的无知或贪欲膨胀的惩罚.     

对防治船舶污染管理工作中几个问题的思考和建议

对防治船舶污染管理中的防污检查、污染的监测、化验分析、应急反应体制、油污基金等７个方面进行了思考，并提出了相应的建议。     

转炉除尘循环水系统结垢与腐蚀浅析

本文通过分析典型转炉除尘系统水质变化规律,调查污垢、悬浮物成份及特点,研究了系统产生腐蚀和结垢的原因,并从技术和管理上提出了解决此问题的有效方法.     

Photodegradation of PCDD/Fs adsorbed on spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) needles under sunlight irradiation

Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) needles were exposed to exhaust gas containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) generated by combustion of polyvinyl chloride, wood, high-density polyethylene, and styrene. Photodegradation of PCDD/Fs adsorbed on spruce needles under sunlight irradiation was studied. The photodegradation of PCDD/Fs follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, with photolysis half-lives ranging between 40 and 100 h. The photolysis rates of PCDF congeners are higher than PCDD congeners with the same chlorinated substitutions. Higher chlorinated PCDD/Fs tend to photolyze slowly. The wax components in spruce needles may act as proton donors and accelerate the photolysis rate. C-Cl cleavage through the addition of protons to PCDD/F molecules may be an important route for PCDD/Fs photodegradation.