N-doped CoAl oxides from hydrotalcites with enhanced oxygen vacancies for excellent low-temperature propane oxidation

A series of nitrogen-doped CoAlO (N-CoAlO) were constructed by a hydrothermal route combined with a controllable NH₃ treatment strategy. The effects of NH₃ treatment on the physico-chemical properties and oxidation activities of N-CoAlO catalysts were investigated. In comparison to CoAlO, a smallest content decrease in surface Co³⁺ (serving as active sites) while a largest increased amount of surface Co²⁺ (contributing to oxygen species) are obtained over N-CoAlO/4h among the N-CoAlO catalysts. Meanwhile, a maximum N doping is found over N-CoAlO/4h. As a result, N-CoAlO/4h (under NH₃ treatment at 400°C for 4 hr) with rich oxygen vacancies shows optimal catalytic activity, with a T₉₀ (the temperature required to reach a 90% conversion of propane) at 266°C. The more oxygen vacancies are caused by the co-operative effects of N doping and suitable reduction of Co³⁺ for N-CoAlO/4h, leading to an enhanced oxygen mobility, which in turn promotes C₃H₈ total oxidation activity dominated by Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Moreover, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) analysis shows that N doping facilities the decomposition of intermediate species (propylene and formate) into CO₂ over the catalyst surface of N-CoAlO/4h more easily. Our reported design in this work will provide a promising way to develop abundant oxygen vacancies of Co-based catalysts derived from hydrotalcites by a simple NH₃ treatment.     

铝盐去除浓缩脱水污泥水中悬浮物和磷的效果研究

采用混凝沉淀法处理污泥水中的悬浮固体和磷,考察了聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚硫氯化铝(PACS)以及PAC和阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(aPAM)复配不同投加量对污泥水沉降性能和磷去除的影响。实验结果表明,PAC和PACS混凝处理污泥水效果基本一致,会恶化污泥水沉降,且随PAC投药量的增加,污泥水SV30越大。PAC与aPAM复配混凝处理污泥水,也难以改善污泥水的沉降性能。结果表明,铝盐混凝剂不适合同步去除污泥水悬浮固体和磷,建议先寻求其它混凝剂改善污泥水沉降再用铝盐除磷。     

鸡粪高效降解菌群对堆肥的影响

为明确自行筛选开发的高效降解菌对鸡粪发酵的影响,分析研究了其堆肥的主要腐熟指标。结果表明,加入高效降解菌剂的堆肥处理方法温度相对较高,脱水快,pH值适宜,C／N调整较好,种子发芽指数高,堆肥后营养养分含量高,且大肠菌群数量少,堆肥效果较好。     

Variations in seasonal and inter-annual carbon fluxes in a semi-arid sandy maize cropland ecosystem in China’s Horqin Sandy Land

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sandy cropland ecosystems are major terrestrial ecosystems in semi-arid regions of northern China’s Horqin Sandy Land, where they play an...     

Responses of grassland ecosystem carbon fluxes to precipitation and their environmental factors in the Badain Jaran Desert

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Studying the effects of precipitation on carbon exchange in grassland ecosystems is critical for revealing the mechanisms of the carbon cycle. In this...     

Mechanism of ball milled activated carbon in improving the desalination performance of flow- and fixed-electrode in capacitive deionization desalination

● BACs were used in electrode material for both fixed and flowing electrodes. ● ASAR of FCDI and MCDI was improved by 134% and 17%, respectively. ● ENRS of FCDI and MCDI was improved by 21% and 53%. ● The mechanism of improving desalination performance was analyzed in detail. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a novel electrochemical water-treatment technology. The electrode material is an important factor in determining the ion separation efficiency. Activated carbon (AC) is extensively used as an electrode material; however, there are still many deficiencies in commercial AC. We adopted a simple processing method, ball milling, to produce ball milled AC (BAC) to improve the physical and electrochemical properties of the original AC and desalination efficiency. The BAC was characterized in detail and used for membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) and flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) electrode materials. After ball milling, the BAC obtained excellent pore structures and favorable surfaces for ion adsorption, which reduced electron transfer resistance and ion migration resistance in the electrodes. The optimal ball-milling time was 10 h. However, the improved effects of BAC as fixed electrodes and flow electrodes are different and the related mechanisms are discussed in detail. The average salt adsorption rates (ASAR) of FCDI and MCDI were improved by 134% and 17%, respectively, and the energy-normalized removal salt (ENRS) were enhanced by 21% and 53%, respectively. We believe that simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly BAC has great potential for practical engineering applications of FCDI and MCDI.     

浓缩脱水污泥水混凝预处理效果及混凝剂的选择

以白龙港污水处理厂浓缩脱水污泥水为处理对象,考察了聚合氯化铝(PAC)对污泥水颗粒物沉降特性和污染物去除效果的影响,比较了PAC、聚合氯化铁(PFC)、阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(cPAM)和阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(aPAM)对浓缩脱水污泥水的预处理效果。实验结果表明,PAC的投加可以去除颗粒态污染物和溶解态的磷,但其形成絮体粒径随PAC投加量增大而减小,导致污泥沉降性能恶化。因此,PAC不适合浓缩脱水污泥水的混凝预处理。与PAC相比,投加PFC、cPAM和aPAM均能有效去除颗粒态污染物,并改善污泥水沉降性能,其中cPAM的预处理效果最佳。     

生活垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾分选研究

对上海市老港生活垃圾填埋场填埋龄为1～14年的矿化垃圾进行了分选研究.结果表明,填埋龄在8年以上矿化垃圾细料(粒径＜50 mm)的百分比约占60%,而填埋龄低于5年的矿化垃圾细料比例低于40%.开采出来的垃圾经分选后的产品可得到有效的资源化利用.     

土壤有机质测定方法的进展

对土壤有机质测定的3种主要方法及特点和应用范围进行了论述和评价。认为上壤有机质测定方法改进的目标不仅仅是简便、快速、廉价,还应包括无污染。