光催化降解有机磷农药中甲胺磷的降解效率的测定

采用纳米TiO2光催化降解甲胺磷农药，分别测定分析了PO^3-4,有机磷农药，COD等，以说明光催化降解甲胺磷的情况，结果说明纳米TiO2光催化降解甲胺磷是可行的，根据我们及他人光催化降解有机磷农药的实验结果，比较了分别通过测定TOC，CO2，PO^3-4，有面农药，COD等各种不同的分析方法来衡量光催化降解效率，以评定催化剂的活性及光催化法的可行性的优缺点，以便根据样品的实际情况以及实验室所具备的仪器设备，选择合适的分析方法。     

凭祥金矿风化剖面中砷的地球化学研究

利用连续提取法结合电子探针分析对龙塘金矿风化剖面中砷的赋存状态及其地球化学行为进行了研究。结果表明金矿区表层土壤中砷含量达588mg/kg,是土壤质量标准的十几至几十倍，该土壤已受到砷的严重污染。风化母岩中砷主要赋存于含砷黄铁矿与毒砂之中，而风化样品中砷主要赋存于晶质氧化铁中，其次为非晶质氧化铁之中，其他三个结合态相对较少。风化初期，含砷黄铁矿与毒砂风化溶解，其中大部分砷被风化溶液淋失，其他砷被氧化铁吸附。非晶质氧化铁结合态砷在风化过程中显示先升后降的趋势，而晶质氧化铁结合态砷则逐渐升高。雨水对表层土壤的冲刷、风化母岩中硫化物的风化溶解、风化产物中氧化铁在饱和条件下的溶解等都会使剖面中的砷释放出来，对周围环境造成潜在的威胁。     

长春地震台数字地震仪近震速报震级偏差研究

本次研究选用了长春地震台2000年至2004年近震速报资料,重新测算了数字地震仪近震震级,并以《吉林省地震目录》给出的震级为标准震级,进行了震级偏差统计分析。研究结果表明,随着震中距的变化长春地震台震级偏差变化较大,为使校正值精度提高,我们分段给出了长春台数字化地震仪水平向记录近震震级台站校正值。     

城市污水处理厂Web决策支持中心的设计与开发

研究开发了基于Web的城市污水处理厂决策支持系统(模拟系统、专家系统、培训系统),实现了决策支持中心的思想。介绍了城市污水处理厂Web决策支持中心的设计思想,以及利用.NET技术,以单机版决策支持系统为基础进行软件开发的方法。同时讨论了开发城市污水处理厂决策支持中心的意义,以及在本研究基础上进行深入科研工作的前景。     

A theoretical study of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters of sulfuric acid and organic acids with amides

Amides, a series of significant atmospheric nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can participate in new particle formation (NPF) throught interacting with sulfuric acid (SA) and organic acids. In this study, we investigated the molecular interactions of formamide (FA), acetamide (AA), N-methylformamide (MF), propanamide (PA), N-methylacetamide (MA), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with SA, acetic acid (HAC), propanoic acid (PAC), oxalic acid (OA), and malonic acid (MOA). Global minimum of clusters were obtained through the association of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The conformational analysis, thermochemical analysis, frequency analysis, and topological analysis were conducted to determine the interactions of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters. The heterodimers formed a hepta or octa membered ring through four different types of hydrogen bonds, and the strength of the bonds are ranked in the following order: SOH???O > COH???O > NH???O > CH???O. We also evaluated the stability of the clusters and found that the stabilization effect of amides with SA is weaker than that of amines with SA but stronger than that of ammonia (NH₃) with SA in the dimer formation of nucleation process. Additionally, the nucleation capacity of SA with amides is greater than that of organic acids with amides.     

青藏高原东南部自然带垂直分布的数学模型及生态学研究

采用三维数学模型研究了青藏高原东南部自然带垂直分布规律，影响垂直带分布的主要因子是热量条件。常绿阔叶林带、针阔叶混交林带、山地暗针叶林带和高山灌丛草甸带上限的温暖指数、寒冷指数分别为６５℃·月、４３℃·月、１６℃·月和１０℃·月及－１０℃·月、－２４℃·月、－５５℃·月和－７５℃·月；其可能蒸散值分别为６２０ｍｍ、５００ｍｍ、４１０ｍｍ和３００ｍｍ。     

Urban garbage disposal and management in China

This paper, probing into the present situation of urban domestic garbage by analyzing its growing trend, compositional change and regional difference, reveals the problems existing in its disposul and management in China. Meanwhile, a questionnaire was conducted in five big cities around China for surveying urban residents‘ attitudes towards garbage disposal and management policies and measures. Results showed the outlmt of urban domestic garbage in Chinese cities is ever increasing, and the recoverable materials and energy in garbage composition are also increasing. The population growth, economic development, and increase of residents‘ expenditure level are the main factors influencing the growing output and changing composition of the garbage. Information acquired from the questionnaire showed that majority of the urban residentsare in favor d the garbage reduction policies and managerial measures and are willing to collaborate with municipal government in battling against gadbage. Based on the analysis and questionnaire, some policymaking-oriented suggestions such as operating the garbage disposal from a social welfare service to a sector of profit-gaining enterprises, transferring the garbage management from passive end control to active source control,promoting the classified garbage collection in cities around China, and charging garbage fees for its cleanup and disposal, have also been put forward in the paper.     

环境友好型城市环境指标体系研究

在提出环境友好性城市的基础上,阐述了环境友好型城市的基本内涵,提出了建设环境友好型城市环境指标体系的原则,并从环境保护与污染控制、环境经济社会协调度、环境生态建设与管理、环境伦理和意识方面选取了具体指标,构成了环境友好型城市完整的环境指标体系;同时对各评价指标因子的量化标准值的确定进行了分析研究,并提出了指标体系的计算方法和今后环境指标的研究方向.     

电导滴定法快速测定不同水中硫酸根的含量

采用电导法，用氯化钡标准溶液滴定水样中硫酸根的含量对测定结果的影响因素进行了探讨，本方法测定的回收率在９８￣１０２％之间，装置简单，试样测定时间仅需几分钟，准确度较高，适用范围广，如海水，卤水，自来水、深井水、雨水和部分工业废水等硫酸根含量的测定。     

中文Windows环境下的海上溢油预报系统

本文以辽东湾为示范海区，建立了中文Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下的海上溢油预报系统。采用已经验证的环境动力和溢油行为模型，可提供海面油膜的位置和覆盖面积，水体中油的浓度分布以及溢油的比重、粘度、蒸发量、残留量、平均厚度等物化参数的实时预报信息，或用于溢油的环境风险评价。系统界面友好，输入方便，操作简单，反应快捷、后处理功能完备，并具有可扩充性。