分散式污水处理设施集约化管理创新探索

随着近年来大量农村污水处理设施的新建,项目污水处理设施面广、点多、单体规模小、污染物浓度变化大、经营困难等问题凸显,如何突破困境找到一条相对适合分散式污水处理设施的运营管理十分必要。本文提出了集约化管理创新探索,在生产标准化管理、人力资源管理、安全管理、设备设施管理及物资管理等方面全方位的总结了运营管理经验,为分散式污水处理设施管理提供了参考和借鉴。     

Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and health risk assessment

• Washed MSWI fly ash was used as partial cement or sand substitute. • Sand replacing is beneficial for strength, while cement replacement reduces strength. • Cementing efficiency factor and mortar pore structure explain the strength results. • Health risk assessment was conducted for MSWI fly ash blended cement mortar. • CR and HI contributed by different exposures and heavy metals were analyzed. The strength of cement substituted mortar decreases with the increase in fly ash amount, whereas the strength increases when the fly ash is blended as sand substitute. A mortar with highest strength (compressive strength= 30.2 Mpa; flexural strength= 7.0 Mpa) was obtained when the sand replacement ratio was 0.75%. The k value (cementing efficiency) of fly ash varied between 0.36 and 0.15 for the fly ash fraction in binder between 5% and 25%. The k values of fly ash used for sand replacement were all significantly above that used for cement substitution. The macropores assigned to the gaps between particles decreased when the fly ash was used as sand replacement, providing an explanation for the strength enhancement. The waste-extraction procedure (toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method (HJ/T 299-2007)) was used to evaluate metal leaching, indicating the reuse possibility of fly ash blended mortar. For the mortar with the mass ratio of fly ash to binder of 0.5%, the carcinogenic risks (CR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) in sensitive scenario for blended mortar utilization were 9.66 × 10^-7 and 0.06, respectively; these results were both lower than the threshold values, showing an acceptable health risk. The CR (9.89 × 10^-5) and HQ (3.89) of the non-sensitive scenario for fly ash treatment exceeded the acceptable threshold values, indicating health risks to onsite workers. The main contributor to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is Cr and Cd, respectively. The CR and HQ from inhalation was the main route of heavy metal exposure.     

Thermal conversion of rice husks and sawdust to liquid fuel

The paper focuses on studying the conversion of rice husks and sawdust into liquid fuel. Rice husks, sawdust and their mixture are pyrolyzed at temperatures between 420 and 540 degrees C, and the main product of liquid fuel is obtained. The experimental result shows that the yield of liquid fuel depends on various factors such as feedstock and temperature. The maximum yields for rice husks, sawdust and their mixture are 56%, 61% and 60% at 465, 490 and 475 degrees C, respectively. Analyses with GC-MS and other apparatus show that the liquid fuel is a complicated compound with low caloric value and can be directly used as a fuel oil for combustion in a boiler or a furnace without any upgrading. Alternatively, the fuel can be refined to be used by vehicles.     

长江河口硅和磷生源要素质量浓度的变化特征

根据近年来长江河口区域内大通水文站的记录和近期在长江入海河口区上海段多个采样点的生源要素质量浓度实测数据,比较水中可溶性硅酸盐和磷酸盐的质量浓度,分析在长江入海河口区水中硅和磷元素含量的主要变化特征.结果表明,长江水中的硅酸盐和磷酸盐从长江入海河口进入大海的过程中,其质量浓度有降低的趋势,它们在长江入海河口的多年的质量浓度变化趋势是相反的.长江入海河口区域上游的磷酸盐质量浓度升高幅度较大,而硅酸盐变化不大,硅酸盐、磷酸盐质量浓度在长江河口区进入海洋的过程中迅速降低.      

玻璃纸生产废气中CS2和H2S的治理

阐述了玻璃纸生产中CS2和H2S废气产生的原理,介绍了该废气处理的现状,总结了目前普遍采用的冷凝法、活性炭吸附法、活性碳纤维吸附法、改性活性炭吸附法、螯合铁氧化法、吸收-吸附法等处理方法的特点和效果。介绍了一种先采用螯合铁氧化法、再采用冷凝法、最后采用活性炭吸附法的综合处理工艺,可使废气达标排放。     

Enhanced arsenate removal from aqueous solution by Mn-doped MgAl-layered double hydroxides

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, Mn-doped MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were successfully synthesized for efficient removal arsenate from aqueous solution. The...     

Probabilistic health risk assessment of nitrosamines in drinking water of Shaoxing,Zhejiang, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrosamines (NAms) are potent genotoxic and carcinogenic but widely detected in drinking water. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of...     

Distribution,source, and environmental risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in water,suspended particulate matter,and sediment of a typical Yangtze River Delta City,China

Phthalates (PAEs) in drinking water sources such as the Yangtze River in developing countries had aroused widespread concern. Here, the water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples were collected from 15 sites in wet and dry seasons in Zhenjiang, for the determination of six PAEs (DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, and DOP) using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) or ultrasonic extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total concentrations of six PAEs (Σ₆PAEs) spanned a range of 2.65–39.31 μg L^?1 in water, 1.97–34.10 μg g^?1 in SPM, and 0.93–34.70 μg g^?1 in sediment. The partition coefficients (K_d1) of PAEs in water and SPM phase ranged from 0.004 to 3.36 L g^?1 in the wet season and from 0.12 to 2.84 L g^?1 in the dry season. K_d2 of PAEs in water and sediment phase was 0.001–9.75 L g^?1 in the wet season and 0.006–8.05 L g^?1 in the dry season. The dominant PAEs were DIBP, DBP, and DEHP in water and SPM, DIBP, DEHP, and DOP in sediment. The concentration of DBP in water exceeded the China Surface Water Standard. The discharge of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater might be the main potential sources of PAEs. The risk quotient (RQ) method used for the risk assessment revealed that DBP (0.01 < RQ < 1) posed a medium risk, while DIBP and DEHP (RQ > 1) posed a high environmental risk in water, DIBP (RQ > 1) also showed a high risk in sediment.

     

乐山大佛景区景云亭危岩灾害分析及其防治研究

乐山大佛景区离堆山景云亭危岩地处大佛景区乌尤寺附近陡崖地带.危岩严重威胁省级文物保护单位"离堆"、乐山巨型睡佛的"睫毛"-景云亭及"中流砥柱"浮雕等重要景点的安全.通过现场调查、测绘、坑探等手段,结合赤平投影、楔形体稳定性分析,系统地研究了离堆山景云亭危岩体的区域地质环境条件、危岩基本特征及类型、演化发展趋势、影响因素及其稳定性,在此基础上提出了以锚固为主体工程,辅以排水、嵌补工程,对危岩体进行综合工程整治.