石英砂、生物质炭、胡敏酸的相互作用及其对BDE-47吸附行为的影响

研究了生物质炭、胡敏酸、石英砂之间的相互作用对BDE-47吸附行为的影响,结果表明：（1）石英砂和生物质炭的相互作用对BDE-47的吸附行为的影响不显著;（2）在低浓度条件下（Ce=0.05Sw时）,石英砂可以促进胡敏酸对BDE-47的吸附作用,使胡敏酸的吸附能力提高16％;在高浓度条件下（Ce=0.25Sw时）,石英砂可以抑制胡敏酸对BDE-47的吸附作用,使胡敏酸的吸附能力降低64％;（3）胡敏酸和生物质炭之间的相互作用可以抑制生物质炭-胡敏酸-石英砂体系对BDE-47的吸附作用,使整体吸附能力降低35％～38％.     

大麻茎腐病菌的分离及其对土壤环境影响的研究

从病变部位分离出两株病原真菌DN1和DN2,通过茵丝及孢子形态的观察,初步确定其分别为半知菌亚门链格孢属（Altemaria altemata）及轮枝孢属（M．Verticillium）。在pH值4～14之间,两株菌都能正常生长,对环境的适应能力较强。通过盆栽试验确定大麻对土壤pH的影响,结果表明大麻能修复弱碱性土壤。     

汶川地震极重灾区地形起伏度特征及其与生态环境受损关联分析

采用DEM数据对汶川地震极重灾区地形起伏度特征分析,海拔高度和地形起伏度总体上是南西高,北东低。5km×5km单元地形起伏度〉1000m的区域面积占27．98％。0．5km×0．5km单元〉100m的区域面积占50．63％。在8．0级主震和6．4级余震震中之间典型区段剖面0．5km间隔分析中,南西段起伏度大于北东段,南西段起伏度〉200m区段占全段14．84％,北东段仅占6．64％。地震导致生态环境受损程度的差异与地形起伏度的差异在空间分布上有一定的重合,具有高起伏度的南西段生态系统破坏面积占总破坏面积的88．55％,新增水土流失面积占新增总面积的70．99％。地震灾区地形起伏度是生态环境遭受严重破坏致灾关联因素之一。     

海面浮油的生物处理技术

文章就海面浮油的产生、危害、发展趋势以及防治技术进行了论述,在海面浮油处理的物理、化学、生物技术中,生物技术具有高效、低费用、无二次污染等优点。特别是处理较薄油膜或化学药品使用受限时,更有其无可替代的优点。同时还指出了生物技术的局限性。     

扬州经济开发区发展循环经济的实践、对策和规划

扬州经济开发区通过国家生态工业示范园区的创建和国家循环经济试点工作,构建以工业共生、物质循环、自然和谐、宜业宜居为特征及资源节约型、环境友好型开发区。本文介绍了扬州经济开发区发展循环经济的实践情况,以“减量化、再利用、资源化”和“可持续性”原则为理念,分析了其循环经济发展存在的问题,并提出了相应对策和规划。     

纳米Al_2O_3固定化红平红球菌菌球的制备及其对苯酚的降解

以海藻酸铝为主要包埋材料、纳米Al_2O_3为添加剂,包埋固定红平红球菌,制得纳米Al_2O_3固定化红平红球菌菌球,并将其用于苯酚的降解。表征结果显示:菌球内部包含丰富的菌丝体;内部孔径以中孔居多。实验结果表明:菌球的最优制备方案为0.05 g纳米Al_2O_3加入3 m L海藻酸钠溶液中、海藻酸钠质量分数6%、微生物包埋量0.5 m L/m L(以海藻酸钠溶液计)、Al_2(SO_4)_3质量分数3%;在初始苯酚质量浓度为400 mg/L、反应时间为24h、菌球加入量为8 g/L、反应p H为8.0、反应温度为30℃的条件下,菌球首次使用时可使苯酚完全降解,使用5次后的苯酚降解率仍达93%以上,具有良好的循环使用性。     

Characterization and control of odorous gases at a landfill site: a case study in Hangzhou, China

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major sources of offensive odors potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. At the end of May 2007, an odor pollution incident occurred at the Tianziling landfill site, Hangzhou, China, where the residents lodged complaints about the intense odor from the landfill, which drew a significant attention from the government. In this study, ambient air monitoring was conducted at the Tianziling landfill site. The main odor composition of the gas samples collected on June 1st 2007 and the reduction of various odorous gases from the samples collected on June 1st 2009 due to the applied odor control techniques were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, variations of primary odorous gaseous (NH₃ and H₂S) concentrations at different locations in the landfill site from July 2007 to June 2009 were also investigated by using classical spectrophotometric methods. Results showed that a total of 68 volatile compounds were identified among which H₂S (56.58-579.84 μg/m³) and NH₃ (520-4460 μg/m³) were the notable odor components contributing to 4.47-10.92% and 83.91-93.94% of total concentrations, respectively. Similar spatial and temporal shifts of H₂S and NH₃ concentrations were observed and were significantly affected by environmental factors including temperature, air pressure and wind direction. Odor pollution was worse when high temperature, high humidity, low air pressure, and southeast, northeast or east wind appeared. Moreover, the environmental sampling points of the dumping area and the leachate treatment plant were found to be the main odor sources at the Tianziling landfill site. The odor control technologies used in this project had a good mitigating effect on the primary odorous compounds. This study provides long-term valuable information concerning the characteristics and control of odors at landfill sites in a long run.     

P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM)共聚物的合成及其絮凝性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、乙酸乙烯酯(VAM)为单体,采用水溶液自由基胶束共聚合法合成了疏水缔合阳离子型共聚物P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM),并对其进行了红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征。实验结果表明:在P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM)加入量为14 mg/L、絮凝温度为30~60℃、硅藻土悬浊液pH为8~11时,P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM)对硅藻土悬浊液的絮凝效果最好,上清液透光率高达97.5%。     

汽车常见腐蚀问题分析及改进措施探讨

汽车是耐用消费品,服役环境较恶劣,经常会发生腐蚀问题;腐蚀不仅影响汽车美观,而且还直接影响汽车质量和使用寿命。本文主要就汽车腐蚀类型及常见腐蚀问题进行总结分析,并提出预防改进措施。     

钻井液化学剂可生物降解性评定方法

介绍研究钻井液化学剂生物降解性的必要性及开发可生物降解钻井液的进展。阐述了常用的评定有机物生物降解性的试验方法。推荐采用BOD_5／COD_Cr比值来评定我国石油行业钻井液化学剂及油田化学剂的可生物降解性，规范石油行业生物降解研究工作，保证评定结果的可靠性和可比性。