廊坊市环保产业发展现状与市场需求分析

针对目前廊坊市环保产业发展现状及存在的问题,以及今后一段时间内环保产品市场的需求进行了分析,并提出了一些建议。     

Efficacy of two chemical coagulants and three different filtration media on removal of Aspergillus flavus from surface water

Aquatic fungi are common in various aqueous environments and play potentially crucial roles in nutrient and carbon cycling as well as interacting with other organisms. Species of Aspergillus are the most common fungi that occur in water. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the efficacy of two coagulants, aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride, used at different concentrations to treat drinking water, in removing Aspergillusflavus, as well as testing three different filtration media： sand, activated carbon, and ceramic granules, for their removal of fungi from water. The results revealed that both coagulants were effective in removing fungi and decreasing the turbidity of drinking water, and turbidity decreased with increasing coagulant concentration. Also, at the highest concentration of the coagulants, A. flavus was decreased by 99.6% in the treated water. Among ceramic granules, activated carbon, and sand used as media for water filtration, the sand and activated carbon filters were more effective in removing A.flavus than ceramic granules while simultaneously decreasing the turbidity levels in the test water samples. Post-treatment total organic carbon （TOC） and total nitrogen （TN） concentrations in the experimental water did not decrease; on the contrary, TN concentrations increased with the increasing dosage of coagulants. The filtration process had no effect in reducing TOC and TN in tested water.     

Characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China

To understand the pollution characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China, total suspended particulate(TSP) and PM10samples were collected in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan from December 2011 to January 2012, and heavy metals of Cd, Pb, Cr, and As were analyzed. It shows that the average TSP concentration in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were(183 ± 73),(201 ± 84) and(190 ± 66) μg/m3respectively, and the average PM10 were(171 ± 82),(178 ± 65) and(179 ± 55) μg/m3respectively. The lowest TSP and PM10concentrations occurred at the background Shaping site of Changsha. The average ratio of ρ(PM10)/ρ(TSP) was 91.9%, ranging from 81.3% to 98.9%. Concerning heavy metals, in TSP samples, the concentration of Cr, As, Cd and Pb were 28.8–56.5, 18.1–76.3, 3.9–26.1 and 148.0–460.9 ng/m3, respectively, while in PM10samples, were 16.4–42.1, 15.5–67.9, 3.3–22.2 and 127.9–389.3 ng/m3, respectively. The enrichment factor of Cd was the highest, followed by Pb and As, while that of Cr was the lowest.     

Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances in the biofilms of typical bacteria by the sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy

A combined approach of physicochemical extraction and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure（XANES） spectroscopy was applied to characterize the extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） of typical bacterial biofilms in this study. Physicochemical analysis showed variation of the contents of DNA,polysaccharide and protein in different fractions of EPS in different mediums. The sulfur K-edge XANES analysis yielded a variety of spectra.Spectral fitting of the XANES spectra utilizing a large set of model compounds showed that there was more reduced sulfur in both LB-EPS（loosely bound EPS） and TB-EPS（tightly bound EPS） of all the biofilms in LB medium than in R2 A medium. More oxidized sulfur was identified in LB-EPS than that in TB-EPS,suggesting different niches and physiological heterogeneity in the biofilms. Our results suggested that the sulfur K-edge XANES can be a useful tool to analyze the sulfur speciation in EPS of biofilms.     

生物物种信息平台建设进展研究

信息技术的突飞猛进和互联网的迅速扩张,为生物多样性信息的收集、存储、提交、检索、分析、传播和使用带来了革命性的发展。生物多样性数据和信息服务的内容逐步从单一的名录数据库建设转向为多学科交叉的综合信息服务平台。本文结合国家生物多样性保护专项,在介绍国内外主流生物多样性信息平台建设现状的基础上,分析了我国现有平台存在的问题,并对下一步如何完善和推进平台应用进行探讨。     

三峡水库消落区土壤、植物汞释放及其在斑马鱼体的富集特征

利用室内模拟试验,探讨了三峡水库消落区淹没后土壤、植物汞释放特征及其在斑马鱼体的富集水平.结果表明,随淹水时间的延长,淹没土壤中总汞(THg)含量下降;水体THg浓度总体明显升高.淹没土壤及水体中甲基汞(MMHg)含量总体明显上升,其中稗草+土壤处理水体中增加尤为明显,淹水21 d后,其浓度是土壤处理的2.52倍.表明消落区土壤、植物是水库水体汞的一个重要来源.供试稗草淹水分解造成水体pH及溶解氧(DO)含量下降、溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量上升,对土壤MMHg含量无明显影响,对水体MMHg影响较大.供试斑马鱼头部、内脏及肌肉中THg含量总体明显上升,与水体中THg浓度具有显著相关性(P<0.01).鱼体头部、内脏及肌肉中均出现不同程度的MMHg富集现象,以头部与肌肉最为明显.淹水21 d后,添加土壤处理的鱼体头部、内脏及肌肉MMHg增加的含量分别是对照的1.75~6.25、3.53~8.38、2.22~3.36倍;稗草+土壤处理的分别是土壤处理的3.57、2.37、1.52倍.可见,淹没土壤是鱼体MMHg增加的重要来源,淹没植物改变原水环境条件影响其向水体释汞过程能提高鱼体中MMHg含量.     

浅谈“5S”在环境监测业务管理中的应用研究

将“5S”管理概念应用到环境监测业务管理工作中.将“5S”针对企业管理的方法引入环境监测业务工作中,从工作环境、工作纪律、工作方法、工作安全方面进行一系列的应用.引入“5S”概念改进环境业务管理要求、提高环境监测工作效率、提升环境监测人员素质、加强环境监测的规范性和有效性,以一流的设备、技术、人才和管理,为用户提供高效优质的服务.“5S”管理理念应用于环境监测业务管理有助于环境监测业务工作的建设和提升.     

明矾石在水体微藻去除中的应用研究

以温州市某大学校区内富营养化水体为研究对象,采用本地明矾石对含藻水体进行混凝除藻、除浊实验研究,分别进行投加量、搅拌强度、搅拌时间、静置时间及pH值对微藻去除效率的影响研究,以获得处理工艺的最佳条件,为恢复河流水体生态自净功能提供理论基础.试验中对投加明矾石前后,水体中浊度、总磷、氨氮和总氮进行了测定,结果表明：明矾石最佳投加量为0.35 g/L,最佳搅拌方式为200 rpm搅拌4 min;最佳静置时间为25 min;在碱性或中性水体的处理效果尤佳.     

北京市污水资源化利用现状及其对策分析研究

北京是水资源严重匮乏的城市,水资源短缺已经成为制约北京经济社会可持续发展进程的重要因素.污水资源化将城市污水进行加工处理,转化为达标的、可供人们二次利用的合格水资源,既能增加水源,又能减少水环境污染,是解决北京目前水资源紧缺问题的最为有效的途径.文章梳理了近年来北京市污水资源化利用的发展现状,指出了北京市污水资源化利用所面临的困境,并提出了加快北京市污水资源化利用的对策.     

开挖岩体边坡卸荷带宽度的计算方法

卸荷带的判别与计算,直接关系到岩体边坡的长期稳定性及致灾安全性.针对均质岩体边坡,采用弹性理论楔形体力学模型,提出了开挖岩体边坡力学模型,建立了开挖岩体边坡应力的计算方法;从开挖高度、开挖坡度、台阶宽度、岩体粘聚力、内摩擦角及岩体容重等方面,通过敏感性分析,探讨了开挖岩体边坡卸荷带宽度的变化规律,据此采用量纲分析法,建...