深圳大气有机硝酸酯粒径分布特征和来源研究

于2021年3月30日至2021年4月17日利用超高分辨率气溶胶飞行时间质谱(Long-ToF-AMS),对深圳城市大气中的颗粒态有机硝酸酯(pON)开展高精度分析.基于两种估算pON的方法,计算得出pON对有机气溶胶(OA)的贡献占比为5.08％～11.00％.pON的日变化特征显示,其高值主要出现在夜间时段(19:...     

基于PBPK模型评价三氯乙烯的职业暴露健康风险

三氯乙烯(TCE)作为脱脂和清洗剂被广泛应用于五金、电镀和电子等行业。TCE的职业暴露会产生一系列健康风险,包括过敏症和致癌等。2012年TCE被美国环保局(US EPA)和国际癌症研究机构列为1类致癌物。采用吸附管采样-热脱附/气相色谱-质谱法分析了大连市某企业车间生产工况下空气中TCE浓度。基于生理学的药代动力学(PBPK)模型预测了呼吸暴露途径下TCE在职业工人体内组织中的动态分布、代谢产物生成情况和致癌风险。TCE在不同组织中预测的最大浓度呈现出脂肪肠充分灌注室支气管非充分灌注室肝脏静脉血动脉血的趋势。预测的与致癌有关的代谢产物最大浓度表现为三氯乙酸二氯乙酸三氯乙醛S-二氯乙烯基-L-半胱氨酸。在监测的TCE水平(39.2±24.4)μg·m-3下,暴露8 h·d-1,连续暴露20年,基于外暴露评价的职业工人致癌风险均值为1.31×10-5,该暴露水平下,基于PBPK模型预测的TCE内暴露与外暴露计算的致癌风险水平相近,但基于具有致癌性主要代谢产物的内暴露致癌风险值是外暴露风险值的1.17～1.73倍。TCE的暴露水平越高,基于内暴露方法和外暴露方法的致癌风险评价结果差异越大。敏感性分析表明,心输出血流量和充分灌注室血流量对PBPK模型输出结果具有重要影响。不确定性分析表明,模型参数变化会显著地影响PBPK模型输出结果,但变异在可接受水平。本研究结果说明,评价TCE暴露对人的致癌风险需要考虑其在体内的分布和代谢过程。     

A novel sequence batch membrane carbonation photobioreactor developed for microalgae cultivation

A novel SBM-C-PBR was constructed for microalgae cultivation. Membrane fouling was greatly mitigated by membrane carbonation. NH₄⁺ and P removal rates were around 80% in SBM-C-PBR. Biomass was completely retained by membrane. In this study, a novel sequence batch membrane carbonation photobioreactor was developed for microalgae cultivation. Herein, membrane module was endowed functions as microalgae retention and CO₂ carbonation. The results in the batch experiments expressed that the relatively optimal pore size of membranes was 30 nm, photosynthetically active radiation was 36 W/m² and the CO₂ concentration was 10% (v/v). In long-term cultivation, the microalgal concentration separately accumulated up to 1179.0 mg/L and 1296.4 mg/L in two periods. The concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were increased about 23.2, 14.9 and 6.3 mg/L respectively in period I; meanwhile, the accumulation was about 25.0, 14.5, 6.6 mg/L respectively in the period II. Furthermore, the pH was kept about 5.5–7.5 due to intermittent carbonation mode, which was suitable for the growth of microalgae. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) was only increased by 0.19 and 0.16 bar in the end of periods I and II, respectively. The pure flux recovered to 75%–80% of the original value by only hydraulic cleaning. Scanning electron microscope images also illustrated that carbonation through membrane module could mitigate fouling levels greatly.     

一种新的快速测定水中COD的消化一分光光度法

探讨了在MnSO_4-CuSO_4复合催化剂、硫-磷混酸体系中,对样品进行恒温密封消解,用分光光度法测定溶液的COD值。实验得出测定化学需氧量的最佳条件:混酸H_2SO_4-H_3PO_4体积比为4:1,催化剂MnSO_4-CuSO_4质量比为1:2,MnSO_4-CuSO_4的总量为0．03g,消解温度为165℃,消解时间为15min。实验结果表明,此方法的测定结果与重铬酸钾法测定结果的相对误差≤5%,且有较好的重现性及较高的准确度与精密度。本法可同时消解多个试样,适用于大批量试样COD的测定,使试样的消解时间由标准法的2h缩短到了15min,同时用MnSO_4-CuSO_4复合催化剂代替价格昂贵的A_(g2)SO_4,大大降低了分析成本。     

有机化学品生物富集因子定量结构-活性关系模型

依据经济合作与发展组织(OECD)关于定量结构-活性关系(QSAR)模型构建和使用导则,将780个有机化合物,以4:1的比例随机划分为训练集(624个化合物)和验证集(156个化合物),通过多元线性回归(MLR)方法构建了一个包含12个描述符的有机化合物鱼类生物富集因子(BCF)的QSAR模型。QSAR模型的调整决定系数R2ad j=0.809,去一法交叉验证系数Q2LOO=0.803,外部验证系数Q2EXT=0.732,表明模型具有较好的拟合优度、稳健性和预测能力。采用欧几里德距离方法表征模型应用域,通过威廉姆斯图分析模型离群点,并对模型进行机理解释。所构建的模型,可以用于预测应用域内有机化学品的生物富集因子。     

车用汽油铅损害及其对策研究

针对车用汽油的抗爆性能要求,探讨四乙基铅（Ｐｂ（Ｃ２Ｈ５）４）抗爆添加剂的作用机理,并着重分析研究了由此而引起的发动机铅排放对人类造成的损害及给大气环境等带来的污染。还探讨了车用汽油铅损害的对策及其最新进展     

汽车左/右后轮罩冲压工艺及翻边、斜楔翻边模具设计

根据制件的特点 ,分析了其冲压成形的工艺难点 ,制定了合理的工艺 ,简化了模具设计和制造 ,并画出了制件的综合工序图 ,分析了各工序内容和工艺特点 ,说明了各工序模具设计的关键问题。同时以第 5道工序为例 ,重点分析了斜楔翻边、翻边模的结构、工作原理及设计要点     

Generator column determination of aqueous solubilities for non-ortho and mono-ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyls

Aqueous solubilities of four non-ortho and eight mono-ortho substituted PCBs were determined using a generator-column technique followed by subsequent off-line GC/ECD analysis of the aqueous solutions. The method is based on pumping water through a column containing glass beads coated with the congener being studied and has been used to measure solubilities at room temperature. The method circumvents many of the experimental difficulties encountered with the traditional shake-flask system. Aqueous solubility of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl determined by this procedure is compared with data obtained from the shake-flask method and the computational method. The precision of replicate measurements is better than ±6.5%. Aqueous solubilities determined for 12 congeners ranged from 6.07 × 10⁻¹¹ to 4.47 × ⁻⁹ mol/L and generally decreased with molecular weight and increased with degree of ortho-chlorine substitution within a molecular-weight class.     

静脉产业类生态工业园区的建设方法分析

静脉产业类生态工业园区运用先进的技术,将生产和消费过程中产生的废物资源化,是中国循环经济建设的重点领域之一。但是中国现有的静脉产业类生态工业园区尚处于创建阶段,没有形成规模化发展,因此可以在建设过程中借鉴日本、德国等发达国家的成功经验,探索适合中国国情的建设模式。本文通过分析静脉产业类生态工业因区在生产原料、生产过程和产品销售方面的主要影响因素以及其他国家采取的相应措施,为中国静脉产业类生态工业园区的建设提出建议。     

Baltur燃烧器电加热桶智能温控器的设计与研制

通过对Baltur燃烧器温度控制器和电气控制原理的分析,提出智能数字温控器的设计方案,以便对电加热桶内油品进行数字温度调节和自动控制,提高Baltur燃烧器的安全可靠性.