Photocatalytic decolourization of reactive dyes

The photocatalytic degradation of reactive dyes with solar-irradiated TiO2 was investigated in these experiments which showed that: (1)the decolourization efficiency are determined by pH value, catalyst amount and light intensity; (2) the reactive dyes decolourized rapidly (cleavageld be biologically degradated more easily, the toxicity decreased considerably after photodegradation.The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic process would become an efficient and safe method for colour wastewater treatment and would be very useful for explaining the reaction mechanism and decolourising structure-reactivity relationship. of the azo linkage), but the intermediates needed more time to transform to further degradation products, and finally to produce CO2; (3) the main products were identified to be alkanes and alkyl amines which cou     

氟化氢对水稻和青菜产量的影响

利用开顶式熏气装置,对水稻和青菜进行长时间的HF暴露试验。通过在熏气过程中对叶片电导率、含氟量和脯氨酸的分析比较,以及在熏气结束后对水稻穗数、千粒重和青菜鲜重的生物量统计测定,讨论和评价了HF对该作物产量的影响。     

非定向河网水质模式及计算方法

在研究京津地区排污河网有机污染物的分布时,建立了非定向河网水质模式,并在计算中引入了相关矩阵和递归函数的概念,使模式的计算过程简化,解决了由于河水流向不定带来的问题。     

固定化混合菌处理高盐含油废水

对固定化微生物的除油性能进行研究,结果表明:以甘蔗渣和海绵为载体的固定化微生物的除油效果比游离状态的微生物除油效果好。甘蔗渣的最佳投加量为20 g/L(干重),最佳固定化条件为:固定化时间为36 h、pH为6、温度为40℃,在最佳固定化条件下菌种接入废水24 h后,除油率达62%;海绵的最佳投加量为5 g/L(干重),最佳固定化条件为:固定化时间48 h、pH为7、温度为35℃,在最佳固定化条件下菌种接入废水24 h后,除油率达75.8%;以甘蔗渣为载体的固定化微生物在处理时间为108 h时,除油率达最高为84.5%,以海绵为载体的固定化微生物在处理时间为96h时,除油率达82.4%。     

Ammonium removal pathways and microbial community in GAC-sand dual media filter in drinking water treatment

A GAC-sand dual media filter (GSF) was devised as an alternative solution for drinking water treatment plant to tackle the raw water polluted by ammonium in place of expensive ozone-GAC processes or bio-pretreatments. The ammonium removal pathways and microbial community in the GSFs were investigated. The concentrations of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen were monitored along the filter. Total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) loss occurred during the filtration. For 1 mg ammonium removal, the TIN loss was as high as 0.35 mg, DO consumption was 3.06 mg, and alkalinity consumption was 5.55 mg. It was assumed that both nitrification and denitrification processes occur in the filters to fit the TIN loss and low DO consumption. During the filtration, nitritation, nitrification and nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation processes probably occur, while traditional nitrification and denitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes may occur. In the GSFs, Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira are likely to be involved in nitrification processes, while Novosphingobium, Comamonadaceae and Oxalobacteraceae may be involved in denitrification processes.     

新疆生产建设兵团土壤环境质量状况研究

通过测定新疆生产建设兵团土壤中13种重金属元素以及3种有机物含量,计算单项污染指数并对各采样点土壤污染程度进行分级。结果表明,新疆生产建设兵团土壤总体上末受明显污染。     

Detoxifying PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in fly ash from medical waste incinerators with a DC double arc plasma torch

Medical waste incinerator (MWI) fly ash is regarded as a highly toxic waste because it contains high concentrations of heavy metals anddioxins, including polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinateddibenzofurans (PCDFs). Therefore fly ash from MWI must be appropriately treated before beingdischarged into the environment. A melting process based on adirect current thermal plasma torch has beendeveloped to convert MWI fly ash into harmless slag. The leaching characteristics of heavy metals in fly ash and vitrified slag were investigated using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, while the content of PCDD/Fs in the fly ashes and slags was measured using method 1613 of the US EPA. The experimental results show that thedecomposition rate of PCDD/Fs is over 99% in toxic equivalent quantity value and the leaching of heavy metals in the slag significantlydecreases after the plasma melting process. The produced slag has a compact and homogeneous microstructure withdensity of up to2.8 g/cm3 .     

改性凹凸棒石处理痕量硝基苯废水

研究了用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）改性凹凸棒石对微污染水中痕量硝基苯的吸附性能、影响因素及其再生后吸附效果。结果表明：PDMDAAC改性凹凸棒石对微污染水中痕量苯酚具有较强的吸附能力,在pH＝8、硝基苯浓度为50μg／L、投加量为5g／L、吸附时间30min的条件下,吸附去除率达73％;改性后的凹凸棒石可用碱进行再生,再生后对硝基苯的吸附能力没有明显下降;改性凹凸棒石的等温静态吸附曲线呈线性关系。     

含铬电镀废水回收铬黄实验

在含铬电镀废水中加入硫化钠、碳酸氢钠和双氧水去除铜及其它杂质,再利用氢氧化钠和盐酸调节pH值,最后加入过量的硝酸铅制成铬黄。实验结果表明,温度和硝酸铅加入量对铬黄的生成有显著的影响。当反应温度为60℃,硝酸铅的添加量为0.05g/mL时,铬黄的生成量最大。在此条件下,100mL废水中能回收4.8g铬黄,铬的回收率为97.1%。     

选择性催化氧化脱除煤气中硫化氢的研究

该文采用浸渍法研制了活性成分含量为3%4、%、5%的V2O5/Al2O3催化剂,采用选择性催化氧化法对H2S的脱除进行了研究。试验结果表明：当温度范围为60℃～180℃时,温度越高H2S的去除效率越高;当温度高于220℃时,温度越高SO2的生成量越大;活性成分含量越高,催化效果越好,H2S的去除率最高可达95.45%;气体的停留时间越长催化效果更好,且温度越低此种效应更明显;相同温度时,氧硫比越高催化剂选择性越差;相同氧硫比时,温度越高催化剂的选择性越差。同时,催化剂的X射线衍射分析以及催化剂的焙烧试验结果表明：三种不同活性浓度的催化剂均可促使H2S催化氧化为单质S。