光伏逆变器无功功率特性研究

为了解决光伏电站无功调节能力问题,通过现场试验和对光伏逆变器群的性能进行分析,验证了光伏逆变器群能够产生感性和容性无功功率,具备良好的无功调节能力,可作为光伏电站的无功输出设备。试验结果表明:光伏逆变器具有的无功调节能力在减少无功补偿设备投入容量、满足系统无功需求的同时,也降低了电能损耗,节约了投资成本,增加了经济效益。     

Biological effects of citalopram in a suspended sediment-water system on Daphnia magna

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Suspended sediment (SPS) plays an important role in the aquatic ecosystems. Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used...     

河南省能源消费碳排放的时空变化分析

区域碳排放核算是衡量区域低碳经济发展水平,制订低碳经济发展策略的重要前提和依据。借鉴IPCC及国内相关研究成果,构建了区域碳排放、碳汇及碳补偿率测算的方法,并以河南省为例进行了初步研究。其结论为：①1989—2008年河南省能源消费碳排放总量为128941.44万t,整体呈递增趋势,年均增长率为7.16%;②就碳排放构成而言,煤炭消费的碳排放量构成了河南省碳排放的主体,占碳排放总量的91%;③河南省人均碳排放量低于同时期全国平均水平,而碳排放强度高于全国平均水平;④就碳排放的区域差异而言,平顶山碳排放量最大,开封市、漯河市和周口市碳排放相对较低;⑤林业碳汇虽有一定程度的增加,但远远不足以补偿能源消费的碳排放,碳补偿率由14%下降到不足8%。     

Application of canonical correspondence analysis to determine the ecological contribution of phytoplankton to PCBs bioaccumulation in Qinhuai River,Nanjing, China

The distribution and interactions of phytoplankton and 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated using canonical correspondence analysis in autumn in the Qinhuai River, Nanjing, China. Concentrations of PCBs in water and algal samples ranged from 33.78 to 144.84 ng/L and from 0.21 to 19.66 ng/L (0.06 to 3.04 ng/mg biomass), respectively. The predominant residual species of PCBs in water samples were tri- through hexachlorobiphenyls, and the predominant residuals in algae were tri-, tetra-, and heptachlorobiphenyls. The degree of eutrophication affected phytoplankton composition and PCB bioaccumulation, and led to sample site- and algal species specificity of PCB residues in the study area. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Euglenophyta had strong capacities to take up PCBs, whereas Cyanophyta was less involved in the transfer of these compounds. Bioaccumulation of PCBs by algae may be affected by water quality, chlorination, phytoplankton composition, and the structure of the PCBs and the algal cell walls.     

羧甲基纤维素/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料对刚果红的吸附与解吸性能

羧甲基纤维素(CMC)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料作为吸附剂应用于废水处理,对其结构进行了表征并对吸附时间、染料初始浓度、染料pH对该吸附剂吸附染料刚果红的影响进行了研究,同时探讨了吸附动力学和吸附热力学。结果表明,羧甲基纤维素与有机蒙脱土已经很好地复合,在吸附温度为30℃条件下,当吸附时间为4 h,染料初始浓度为800 mg/L,染料pH=10时吸附剂对染料表现出较好的吸附效果,吸附量可达156.64 mg/g。吸附符合伪二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温式。分别借助振荡器和超声波对吸附饱和的吸附剂进行解吸,研究解吸时间对吸附剂解吸实验的影响,结果表明,超声波条件下的解吸效果(34.45%)好于无超声波条件(15.69%),超声波有助于提高解吸率。     

超重力旋转填料床在环境工业中的应用

超重力旋转填料床是一种突破性的过程强化新设备,在环保、化工、材料、能源等工业领域有广阔的商业化应用前景。笔者概要介绍了该项新技术的作用原理和基础理论研究及该技术在环境工业中废水废气治理中的应用。     

双台子河口近2a春季同期典型生物群落变化

2002年和2003年春季同期对双台子河口近岸海域的典型生物群落进行调查。2002年采集到浮游植物39种,平均细胞数为1.4×1010／m3,优势种为棕囊藻;浮游动物31种,平均生物量为2 098 mg／m3,优势种为中华哲水蚤;底栖动物32种,平均栖息密度为122个／m2,平均生物量为9.64 g／m2,优势种不明显,种类分布较均匀。2003年采集到浮游植物35种,平均细胞数为20×104／m3,优势种近河口区为骨条藻,远河口区为夜光藻;浮游动物18种,平均生物量为1 356 mg／m3,优势种为中华哲水蚤;底栖动物22种,平均栖息密度为12 670个／m2,平均生物量为25.66 g／m2,优势种为托氏昌螺和脆壳理蛤。     

长江口南支邻近水域碎波带仔稚鱼群落结构的差异及关联

为探明长江口南支及邻近水域碎波带仔稚鱼群落结构的差异及相互联系,分别对长江口南支、杭州湾北岸与泗礁沙滩碎波带进行小型拖网（1 m×4 m,网目1 mm）取样调查,样品在实验室内进行种类鉴定及数量统计。结果显示：种类组成方面,3处水域分别采集到仔稚鱼11科40种、23科59种与28科46种,共有种7种;洄游性种类、河口性种类与海洋性种类分别为3者优势类群;单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE）长江口南支最高,为41.45 ind./haul,泗礁沙滩最低,为5.72 ind./haul;长江口南支仔稚鱼各发育阶段个体分布相对均匀,杭州湾北岸以稚鱼个体为主,泗礁沙滩以后弯曲期仔鱼占优势;多样性指数杭州湾北岸最高,为2.19,泗礁沙滩最低,为1.75;长江口南支与杭州湾北岸群落相似度较高。数量变动方面,3处水域种类数均为8月最高,CPUE分别于8月、9月与5月达到峰值。生境功能方面,长江口南支兼具定居地、保育场与暂居地等功能,杭州湾北岸与泗礁沙滩则仅为保育场与暂居地;3处水域共有种中国花鲈（Lateolabrax maculatus）分别在不同时间段及不同发育阶段进入3处水域栖息保育,长江口南支及其邻近水域碎波带是其向岸及溯河洄游过程中的重要保育场与中转站。 关键词： 长江口南支;邻近水域;碎波带;仔稚鱼;群落;差异与关联     

杭州市大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃含量特征研究

按季节对杭州市大气细颗粒物PM2.5中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量在2006年进行了为期一年(样本数n=47)的测定分析.研究表明,杭州市大气PM2.5中PAHs总浓度为40.66ng/m3,以中环或高环为主,分别占总PAHs的32.23%和47.6%;云栖点位(位于风景名胜区内)PM2.5中PAHs浓度高于朝晖点位(位于商业居民混合区);季节变化呈现春季高,秋季低的特点;PM2.5中苯并[a]芘等效毒性(BEQ)为4.50;PM2.5中PAHs的来源不是单一的.     

Optimization of extractants, purifying packings, and eluents for analytical extraction of organochlorine pesticides in Hydragric Acrisols

In this study, we screened for an economic, rapid, and efficient hypotoxic pretreatment method for organochlorine pesticides in soil samples for gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The analytical extraction efficiencies of 11 different extractants, nine types of solid-phase purification (SPP) cartridge packings, and three types of eluents for 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in spiked and natural Chinese red soil (Hydragric Acrisols) were evaluated using an ultrasonic extraction and solid-phase purification method. High percent recoveries (85-106%) were obtained for the 13 organochlorine pesticides in soil when petroleum ether/acetone/water (10:5:2, v/v) was used an extractant. They were purified using celite SPP cartridge packing and eluted with 9 mL of dichloromethane/petroleum ether (1:9, v/v). The OCPs purification pretreatment of Hydragric Acrisols, using the above method, meets the GC analysis requirements. Compared with other traditional pretreatment methods for OCPs in soil samples, this method has several advantages, such as a short extraction time, reducing the amount of solvent, having no emulsion phenomenon, and hypotoxicity to the laboratory technicians. The concentrations of 1,1,1,-trichloro-2(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDTs; 3.42-8.08 ng g(-1)) in field soils were higher than the hexachlorocyclohexane concentration (2.94-6.12 ng g(-1)). The 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE)?+?1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (p,p'-DDD)/p,p'-DDT ratio in this field soil was approximately 2.7, suggesting that no new DDT pollution source was introduced into the sampling site.