Removal of dye using peroxidase-immobilized Buckypaper/polyvinyl alcohol membrane in a multi-stage filtration column via RSM and ANFIS

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The feasibility and performance of Jicama peroxidase (JP) immobilized Buckypaper/polyvinyl alcohol (BP/PVA) membrane for methylene blue (MB) dye...     

餐饮垃圾主要成分的热解动力学研究

将餐饮垃圾的主要成分纤维素、淀粉以及脂肪分别在10 K/min的升温速率下进行TG-DTG分析,结果表明3种物质由于分子结构与物质组成的差别,其热解特性有着明显的不同;同时采用Achar(微分法)和Coats-Refern(积分法)相结合的方法对餐饮垃圾进行热解动力学分析,找出最佳的机理函数并求出每种组分的活化能Ea和指前因子lnA。     

B,N和Ce共掺杂TiO_2催化剂光催化活性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出B,N和Ce共掺杂TiO2光催化剂,并用XRD、SEM等表征了其结构特征。以酸性大红染料溶液的光催化降解为探针反应,考察了制备条件对共掺杂TiO2催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,在400℃,当B,N和Ce的原子比为1∶2∶0.1,焙烧3 h时,光催化剂活性最大,大红染料的降解率达到98%。     

超声波净化石油污染土壤实验研究

为研究超声波技术处理石油污染土壤的影响因素,选取了土壤含油量、土水比、土壤类型、超声处理时间和超声功率5个因素进行了具有交互作用的正交实验,并讨论了各因素对土壤中石油污染物清除率的影响。实验结果表明超声波对土壤中石油污染物的净化效果明显,总石油烃(TPH)的清除率在23.0%到77.3%之间,土壤类型对净化效果的影响最为显著,粘土中的TPH清除率显著低于砂土。由超声空化引起的解吸作用和真空抽滤是实验过程中土壤TPH减少的主要途径。研究结果表明超声波技术用于石油污染土壤修复是可行并且有效果的。     

活性炭纤维载体生物膜法处理洗车废水研究

为了实现洗车废水的循环使用,进行了以聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维(PAN-ACF)为生物膜载体处理洗车废水的实验研究。以LAS、COD和NH3-N等指标考察了活性炭纤维生物膜反应器对洗车废水的处理效果。结果表明:在常温下、pH=6.5~7,当进水流量在30 mL/min时,反应器达到最佳运行参数,活性炭纤维载体生物膜法对LAS、COD和NH3-N等的去除率分别达到了97%、80%和60%。出水水质完全达到《生活杂用水水质标准》(CJ/T48-99)中洗车用水主要水质指标的规定。此外,实验表明PAN-ACF作为生物膜载体具有很好的生物亲和性和再生性。     

水力旋流器速度场的PDPA测试研究

应用相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)对液液水力旋流器模型的内部流场进行了测试,分析了旋流器内部速度场的特点。通过进口流量的变化,测试了该模型的不同截面上的速度场分布情况。测试结果表明:随着流量的增大,旋流器轴截面上的速度都增大,旋流变大,有利于连续相和分散相的分离;旋流器中连续相和分散相速度分布趋势相同,但在管芯处,两者速度滑移明显。     

Spatial and seasonal variations of the contamination within water body of the Grand Canal, China

To delineate the character of contaminations in the Grand Canal, China, a three-year study (2004-2006) was conducted to investigate variations the water quality in the canal. Results showed that the variation of water quality within the Grand Canal was of there is remarkable spatial and seasonal heterogeneity regarding water quality within the Canal. Values of contaminants in dry-season were obviously higher than those in wet-season. Sites influenced strongly by industry and urbanization showed higher contents of nutrients and lower levels of dissolved oxygen in water body; moreover these sites were severely polluted by dissolved metals with the contents of cadmium, chromium and copper exceeding the Criteria Maximum Concentration (CMC), US EPA. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested nutrient and dissolved metals pollution was the dominant environmental problems within the Canal. Anthropogenic influences played a dominant role in the character of contaminations in the Grand Canal.     

异波折板水解酸化-A2O一体化反应器实验研究

设计了异波折板水解酸化-A2O一体化反应器,进行生活污水处理的实验研究。10个月的实验结果表明,系统的最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为8 h时,最适COD进水浓度为240-100mg/L,最佳混合液回流比（r）-污泥回流比（R）为250%-100%。控制反应器于以上运行参数下,25±2℃所对应的COD、TN和TP去除率分别为96.84%、67.55%和81.92%。当温度降至7℃时,其COD、TP和TN分别降至86.35%、50.25%和65.68%。基于实验分析结果,阐明了一体化反应器高效性的机理在于异波折板水解酸化段具有高效传质特性和A2O段具有复合式活性污泥-接触氧化好氧池的特点。     

短暂交替曝气方式在PSB法处理高浓度苯胺废水中的应用

利用酸化—PSB—活性污泥法工艺处理高浓度毒性苯胺废水,在24h的停留时间下,比较PSB阶段不同曝气时间对苯胺废水处理效果的差异。结果表明:不同时间的曝气处理对光合细菌处理苯胺废水的效果存在差异。以曝气时间为2h的反应器处理效果最佳,COD去除率达96.1%,苯胺去除率达97%,同时,相邻周期交替采用1h、2h曝气处理,废水COD去除率提高了20%以上,苯胺去除率提高了10.9%~14.2%。     

Adsorption characteristics of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution using carbonized food waste

The aim of the present study was to analytically provide adsorption characteristics of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ using carbonized food waste (CFW); more specifically, batch tests were conducted using various concentrations of metal ions, contact times, and initial pH levels in an attempt to understand the adsorption removal of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution at concentrations ranging between 50 and 800 mg/l. The results confirmed that the adsorption equilibrium was established within a maximum of 80 min, and the maximum concentrations for adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were 28.3 and 23.5 mg/g, respectively. These adsorption levels indicate that CFW has better performance than many other adsorbents. In experiments using different pH conditions, the applicability to acid wastewater was found to be high, and an excellent adsorption removal ratio of 75%–90% was observed under acid conditions at pH 2–4. Furthermore, as the adsorption time increased, the calcium component in the CFW began to leach into the aqueous solution and raise the pH, accordingly causing the removal of heavy metal ions partially as a result of precipitation. When our results were analyzed using the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model for isothermal adsorptivity, the activity of CFW in this study was shown to be more consistent with the former; the adsorption speed of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ according to a pseudosecond-order reaction model was found to be very fast for an initial concentration of not more than 100 mg/l. In a test in which an attempt was made to compare adsorption capacity values obtained from the experiments in this study with the aforementioned three models, the pseudosecond-order reaction model was found to provide results closest to the actual values.