提高化学需氧量质控合格率的研究

大庆油田化工总厂废水中化学需氧量（COD）的测定采用库仑法。为了提高质控合格率，从人员素质、仪器设备、电级内液等9个方面分析寻找导致误差的主要影响因素并制定对策。同时对影响电极内液及消解的因素进行正交实验确定最佳条件。结果使库仑法质控合格率由90％提高到95％，测定38次标样全部合格。     

淮河上游洪水灾害可公度信息系预测

可公度信息系是一种源于天文学的预测方法，其实质是寻求事物发生的经验关系。本文应用此法对淮河上游的洪水灾害进行了预测分析，结果表明淮河上游洪水灾害发生具有２ａ、４ａ、５ａ、７ａ、９ａ、１１ａ、１９ａ及７１ａ等多种周期，并在１９９７年、２０００年等年份的前后有可能发生大洪水。     

Research status,challenges and future prospects of renewable synthetic fuel catalysts for CO2 photocatalytic reduction conversion

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, with global climate change, the utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource has become an important goal of human society to achieve...     

Nitrogen removal performance and bacterial communities in zeolite trickling filter under different influent C/N ratios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the degradation performance of nutrients in zeolite trickling filter (ZTF) with different influent C/N ratios and aeration conditions...     

Synthesis of Ni-doped anatase TiO2 single crystals loaded on wood-based activated carbon for enhanced photodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, the Ni-doped anatase TiO2 single crystals loaded on activated carbon (Ni-T/AC) were synthesized by a sol–gel method. The chemical...     

Morphology and composition of particles emitted from conventional and alternative fuel vehicles

Size, morphology, and composition of airborne particles strongly affect human health and visibility, precipitation, and the kinetic characteristics of particles. In this study, the morphology and chemical composition of particles emitted from conventional (diesel and gasoline) and alternative (CNG and methanol) fuel vehicles were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The SEM images revealed that the size of primary particles (without agglomeration) was approximately 10 nm in the exhaust from all the tested vehicles. The particles emitted from gasoline vehicle (GV), CNG vehicle (CNGV), and methanol vehicle (MV) had the same median diameter, 62 nm, which was smaller than those from heavy diesel vehicle (HDV) and light diesel vehicle (LDV). Soot was observed in the HDV, LDV, and GV samples but not in the CNGV and MV. The fractal dimension, which was used to quantify the degree of irregularity of soot, was 1.752 ± 0.014, 1.789 ± 0.076, and 1.769 ± 0.006 in the exhaust from HDV, LDV, and GV samples, respectively. The particles discharged by all tested vehicles contained the elements C, O, Fe, and Na. The main element in the samples of HDV, LDV, and GV was C, while O was the main element in the samples of alternative fuel vehicles. The profiles of minor elements were more complex in the emissions of alternative fuel vehicles than those in the emissions of conventional fuel vehicles. The results improved our understanding of the morphology and elemental composition of particles emitted from vehicles powered by diesel, gasoline, CNG, and methanol.

     

Impacts of climate variability and changes on domestic water use in the Yellow River Basin of China

We present a methodology for using a domestic water use time series that were obtained from Yellow River Conservancy Commission, together with the climatic records from the National Climate Center of China to evaluate the effects of climate variability on water use in the Yellow River Basin. A suit of seven Global Circulation Models (GCMs) were adopted to anticipate future climate patterns in the Yellow River. The historical records showed evidences of rises in temperature and subsequent rises in domestic water demand in the basin. For Upstream of Longyangxia region, the impact was the least, with only 0.0021?×?10⁸ m³ for a temperature increase of 1 °C; while for Longyangxia-Lanzhou region, domestic water use was found to increase to 0.18?×?10⁸ m³ when temperature increases 1 °C. Downstream of Huayuankou was the region with the most changes in temperature that gave the highest increase of 1.95?×?10⁸ m³ in domestic water demand for 1 °C of change of temperature. Downstream of Huayuankou was identified as the most vulnerable area, where domestic water demand increases nearly by 42.2 % with 1 °C increase of temperature. Judging from the trends of temperature range, we concluded that future temperature in Yellow River Basin has an increasing tendency. This could worsen the existing issues of domestic water demand and even more to trigger high competition among different water-using sectors.     

HAZOP与LOPA联合分析在聚丙烯装置上的应用

阐述了危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)和保护层分析(LOPA),两种方法间的联系及HAZOP与LOPA联合分析流程。以20×10~4t/a聚丙烯装置为研究对象,选择其中低压聚合物脱气系统为示例节点,应用HALOPA分析软件对装置进行安全评价,对潜在风险进行定性和半定量分析,并提出相应的风险控制方案。     

景观用再生水氮磷条件下两种典型水华藻类的生长及竞争规律

针对再生水景观水体的藻类控制,以BG11培养基为基础,设定不同氮磷浓度,对铜绿微囊藻和小球藻进行了纯培养和共培养实验。实验结果表明:初始总氮浓度为15 mg/L、总磷浓度为0.1 mg/L时两种藻就能出现明显的生长高峰;当总氮浓度为3⁴5 mg/L,氮磷比为3045 mg/L,氮磷比为30¹50的情况下,小球藻在与铜绿微囊藻的竞争中容易成为优势藻种。