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951.
外生菌根对欧洲赤松苗(Pinussylvestris)Cu、Zn积累和分配的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过测定2种不同施锌和施铜水平下苗木和离体菌丝中铜锌含量研究了接种外生菌根(Suillusbovinus)对欧洲赤松(Pi-nussylvestris)苗生长和微量元素积累和分配的影响. 结果表明菌丝的侵染增加了苗木生长同时也增加了植物体内重金属的含量.然而菌根植物中的重金属大部分分布在根部在铜处理中菌根植物地下部分的铜含量是无菌根植物的2.6倍在锌处理中锌是无菌根植物的1.3 倍. 说明菌丝侵染使植物将过量的重金属滞留在根部从而增加了植物对过量重金属的抗性.通过进一步测定培养在过量重金属中的离体菌丝的重金属含量结果显示随着外界重金属浓度的增加菌丝分泌物内重金属含量比菌丝内重金属含量增加快说明滞留在根部的重金属可能并没有进入根系而是以某种形态滞留在菌丝分泌物和菌丝内. 相似文献
952.
Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China: Implications for sources and historical changes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd and As) in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary was investigated. The spatial distribution of heavy metals displayed a decreasing pattern from the turbidity maxima to both upstream and downstream of the estuary, which suggested that suspended sediments played an important role in the trace metal distribution in the Pearl River Estuary. In addition, metal concentrations were higher in the west part of the estuary which received most of the pollutants from the Pearl River. In the sediment cores, fluxes of heavy metals were consistent with a predominant anthropogenic input in the period 1970-1990. From the mid-1990s to the 2000s, there was a significant decline in heavy metal pollution. The observed decline has shown the result of pollution control in the Pearl River Delta. However, it is noteworthy that the metal concentrations in the most recent sediment still remained considerably high. Taken together, the enrichment of heavy metals in sediments was largely controlled by anthropogenic pollution. 相似文献
953.
954.
Black carbons(e.g.,charcoal) have a great impact on the transport of organic contaminants in soil and water because of its strong affnity and ubiquity in the environment.To further elucidate their interaction mechanism,sorption of polar(p-nitrotoluene,m-dinitrobenzene and nitrobenzene) and nonpolar(naphthalene) aromatic contaminants to burned straw ash charcoal under different de-ashed treatments were investigated.The sorption isotherms fitted well with Freundlich equation,and the Freundlich N values were all around 0.31-0.38,being independent of the sorbate properties and sorbent types.After sequential removal of ashes by acid treatments(HCl and HCl-HF) ,both adsorption and partition were enhanced due to the enrichment of charcoal component.The separated contribution of adsorption and partition to total sorption were quantified.The effective carbon content in ash charcoal functioned as adsorption sites,partition phases,and hybrid regions with adsorption and partition were conceptualized and calculated.The hybrid regions increased obviously after de-ashed treatment.The linear relationships of Freundlich N values with the charring-temperature of charcoal or biochar(the charred byproduct in biomass pyrolysis) were observed based on the current study and the cited publications which included 15 different temperatures(100-850°C) ,10 kinds of precursors of charcoal/biochar,and 10 organic sorbates. 相似文献
955.
In this study, greatly enhanced Mn(II) adsorption was achieved by as-synthesized diethylenetriaminepentaacetate acid intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxides(LDHsDTPA). The adsorption capacity of LDHs-DTPA was 83.5 mg/g, which is much higher than that of LDHs-EDTA(44.4 mg/g), LDHs-Oxalate(21.6 mg/g) and LDHs(28.8 mg/g). The adsorption data of aqueous Mn(II) using LDHs-DTPA could be well described by the pseudosecond order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamics study results also showed that the adsorption process of Mn(II) by LDHs-DTPA was exothermic as indicated by the negative ΔH value. Furthermore, based on the structural, morphological and thermostable features, as well as FT-IR and XPS characterizations of LDHs-DTPA and the pristine LDHs, the adsorption mechanism of Mn(II) was proposed. The carboxyl groups of DTPA were proposed to be the main binding sites for Mn(II), and the hydroxyl groups of LDHs also played a minor role in the adsorption process. Among the three common regeneration reagents, 0.1 mol/L Na_2CO_3 was the best for reusing LDHs-DTPA in Mn(II)adsorption. Besides, the Mn(II) adsorption performance could be hindered in the presence of typical inorganic ions, especially cations. Further specific modifications of LDHs-DTPA are suggested to get more selective adsorption of Mn(II) in practical applications. 相似文献
956.
某石油化工园区秋季VOCs污染特征及来源解析 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
利用快速连续在线自动监测系统对某典型石油化工园区2014年秋季(9、10、11月)大气中VOCs进行监测,并对其组成、光化学反应活性、时间变化特征和来源进行解析.结果表明:秋季大气中VOCs的混合体积分数明显高于国内外其他城市和工业地区,且烷烃是大气中VOCs的最主要成分.研究区秋季3个月份大气中VOCs的混合体积分数之间差异不显著,但各种烃类的日夜变化特征明显:烷烃、烯烃和芳香烃呈现"单峰单谷"变化趋势,乙炔的变化趋势呈"W"型.PMF受体模型解析结果表明主要来源于天然气交通及溶剂、炼油厂的泄漏或挥发等过程,其次为其他交通来源,沥青对于研究区VOCs来源也有一定的贡献.等效丙烯体积和最大臭氧生成潜势对VOCs的光化学反应活性计算结果表明,烯烃和烷烃分别是各自混合体积分数的最主要的贡献者. 相似文献
957.
于2012年4月沿大九湖湿地平均分布10个采样点,各采集0~10、10~20以及20~30 cm浅层土壤,采用GC-MS对大九湖湿地浅层土壤中USEPA 16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)进行分析,对其分布、组成、来源进行了详细的讨论,并对高山湿地PAHs污染标志物进行了浅析.结果表明,研究区0~10、10~20、20~30cm浅层土壤中∑16PAHs含量分别为48.55~984.73、14.36~806.47、12.84~1191.53 ng·g-1,均值分别为302.94、142.98、208.68 ng·g-1;7种致癌单体多环芳烃含量范围分别为21.20~844.29、2.96~592.06、0.66~964.70 ng·g-1,均值分别为197.25、93.16、147.16 ng·g-1,分别占总PAHs的65.12%、65.13%、69.08%;泥炭区PAHs含量明显高于非泥炭区,且已达到重度污染程度;PAHs组成以4、5、6环为主;结合IcdP/(IcdP+BghiP)及Pyr/BaP比值分析,推测大九湖湿地浅层土壤中PAHs主要来源于化石燃料及木材的燃烧,近年来旅游车辆的进入对PAHs的贡献较大;对浅层土壤中各单体PAH与PAHs总含量进行回归分析表明、苯并(b)荧蒽、茚(1,2,3cd)并芘、苯并(a)蒽作为泥炭地PAHs标志性化合物,用来评价PAHs的污染程度. 相似文献
958.
959.
960.
This study aims to increase the inactivation efficiency of CO_2 against Escherichia coli under mild conditions to facilitate the application of pressurized CO_2 technology in water disinfection. Based on an aerating-cycling apparatus, three different treatment methods(continuous aeration, continuous reflux, and simultaneous aeration and reflux) were compared for the same temperature, pressure(0.3–0.7 MPa), initial concentration, and exposure time(25 min). The simultaneous aeration and reflux treatment(combined method) was shown to be the best method under optimum conditions, which were determined to be 0.7 MPa, room temperature, and an exposure time of 10 min. This treatment achieved 5.1-log reduction after 25 min of treatment at the pressure of 0.3 MPa and 5.73-log reduction after 10 min at 0.7 MPa. Log reductions of 4.4 and 5.0 occurred at the end of continuous aeration and continuous reflux treatments at 0.7 MPa, respectively.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images suggested that cells were ruptured after the simultaneous aeration and reflux treatment and the continuous reflux treatment. The increase of the solubilization rate of CO_2 due to intense hydraulic conditions led to a rapid inactivation effect. It was found that the reduction of intracellular p H caused by CO_2 led to a more lethal bactericidal effect. 相似文献