野生与栽培大别山五针松小枝功能性状变异特征

木本植物小枝功能性状及其变异性是反映植物环境适应性的重要指标。濒危植物大别山五针松(Pinus dabeshanensis)野生型和栽培型种群长期生长在不同生境，其小枝功能性状是否具有显著差异性尚不清楚。以安徽岳西县和金寨县大别山区分布的2个野生和2个栽培种群为研究对象，通过野外调查取样对比分析了不同种群小枝形态、生物量及含水量等12个功能性状的差异性及其协变特征。结果表明：小枝性状变异系数在0.054~0.419之间，野生型一般高于栽培型。小枝性状在不同种群间均有显著差异，其中栽培幼株小枝的茎直径、茎截面积、分枝数、胸径、针叶长度、茎生物量和小枝总生物量均最低，但其茎长和叶茎比最大；栽培成株的茎直径、截面积及茎、叶含水量最高；岳西野生型植株小枝最短而其他性状处中等水平；金寨野生型植株针叶最长但茎含水量、叶生物量及叶茎比最小。不同种群小枝性状协变特征不尽相同，但有8个性状在不同种群间表现出相同的协变趋势。因此，不同生境下大别山五针松小枝功能性状虽然具有较强的变异性，但其协变关系具有一定的种内保守性。     

Application of American Civil Action to Public Interest Action in Environmental Protection of China

Economic development has made a negative impact on the environment.However,our proceedings on public interest action are almost blank,causing many of the cases related to the environmental protection to be rejected by the court for the reason that the prosecutors fail to provide enough evidence.Therefore,we can take the U.S.system of civil action for reference to improve our public interest action while employing proxy litigation.The measures can be included as follows:relax the plaintiff qualifications;establish the necessary lead procedures;invert the responsibility of providing evidence.     

21世纪住区建设

面对世界发展趋势和中国建设高潮期,21世纪住宅建设需体现可持续发展,引入信息技术和新材料等高新技术,适应居住生活的发展。本文概述了当前世界发展趋势和国家住宅建设目标,住宅建设面临的科技问题,着重论述21世纪住区建设的规划设计原则。     

某有色冶炼厂周围农业土壤中镉污染因素探讨

运用动力学原理和投入产出法则研究了浙江省某铅锌冶炼厂周围农业土壤中镉的污染因素。得出猪栏肥等有机肥是污染土壤的关键因子。提出了不搞稻草还田，而是采用养殖蚯蚓和种植蕨类植物的方法，以达到控制镉污染和净化土壤的目的。     

Pollution sources identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of soils in Tianjin area, China

A total of 188 surface soil samples were collected from different types of utilization soils in Tianjin area. Factor analysis and scatter point surface tension spine function interpolation were used to analyze types and spatial distributions of PAH sources of surface soils in Tianjin area. The results showed that most pollution sources were mixed sources including coal burning and petroleum spill. Mixed sources occupied 56.12%, 58.96%, 46.45% and 59.50% in farmland of wastewater irrigation, common farmland, wild land and city greenbelt, respectively. Other pollution sources such as vehicle emission, biogenic conversion, wood burning and natural gas combustion were also significant. The spatial distributions of pollution sources were closely related to geographic location, geographic condition and living habit of indigenes.     

Variations of bacterial community structure in flooded paddy soil contaminated with herbicide quinclorac

The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was applied to determine the relative genetic complexity of microbial communities in flooded paddy soil treated with herbicide quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinoline-carboylic acid). The results obtained showed a significant effect of quinclorac on the development of bacterial populations in soils contaminated with different concentrations of the herbicide at the early time after application. In general, however, the number of populations of the same soil sample treated with the same concentration of the quinclorac differed obviously with increasing incubation time within the early 8 weeks. The scale of differences in banding patterns-showed that the microbial community structures of the quinclorac-treated and non-quinclorac-treated soils were not significantly different after 21 weeks of incubation. Quantification, as demonstrated in this paper, was studied by establishing dose-response relationships. Significant pattern variations were quantified. Prominent DGGE bands were excised, cloned and sequenced to gain insight into the identities of predominant bacterial populations. The majority of DGGE band sequences were related to bacterial genera Clostridium, Sphingobacterium, Xanthomonas and Rhodococcus.     

海底大地震

您以为只有陆地才经常发生地震吗?不,在深深的海底,也经常发生地震。据统计,全球80％的地震都集中在幽深的海底,特别是在太平洋周围海洋平均深度4000米以上,终年暗无天日的海沟里以及它附近与群岛区的深渊中尤为多见。     

初论环境信息污染及预防

从SARS所引发的社会现象分析,首次从环境角度对信息污染进行探讨,提出了环境信息污染的含义及特征。并针对环境信息污染的潜在危害性,论述治理环境信息污染应以预防为主。建议政府和个人逐步通过建立“信息墙”,使信息更加有序、有条理,以此来预防和减少环境信息污染。     

一种化学物质的热危险性研究

以某一化学物质(ANPyO)为例,探讨了化学物质热危险性分析方法和步骤:建议首先从化学结构上对物质进行初步分析,然后根据化学结构进行理论计算预测,最后在前面研究的基础上,选择和确定采用合适的,比如:DSC/TG、ARC等小药量实验方法,研究化学物质的热危险性.对于ANPyO,通过分子结构可知其为多硝基多氨基芳烃,是具有潜在的燃烧、爆炸危险的活性化学物质.理论计算预测其属于高危险性物质.对其进行DSC/TG、ARC实验,得到绝热分解反应的热力学和动力学参数,自加速分解温度( TSADT)为199℃,热分解开始温度为310.0℃,最大反应速度出现在系统温度771.5℃时,自热分解开始到最大反应速度的时间为23.5min.文中研究可为该化学物质生产、使用和储运安全提供参考.