高丙体六六六在辽河沉积物中的缺氧降解动力学

测定了辽河沉积物中高丙体六六六 (γ- 666)在缺氧条件下的分解速率 .测定出高丙体六六六在无外加碳源 ,外加葡萄糖 ,外加乙酸钠和外加蛋白胨 4种条件下的缺氧分解速率符合准一级动力学 ,动力学常数分别为 :无外加碳源 0.0487d^-1,加葡萄糖 0.136d^-1,加乙酸钠 0.151d^-1,加蛋白胨 0.136d^-1 .经 GC-MS测定 ,高丙体六六六的主要降解产物为二氯苯 .     

Evidence for coupled iron and nitrate reduction in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay

Iron and nitrate (NO₃^?) are dominant physiologically required nutrients for phytoplankton growth, and iron may also play a key role in the marine nitrogen cycle. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved iron (DFe) and Fe(II) in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) from April 2 to July 26, 2017. High concentrations of DFe and Fe(II) predominantly occurred in nearshore and estuarine stations and concentrations were generally higher in April and May. The highest DFe concentration was observed along the coast of Hongdao (51.55 nmol/L) in May, while the lowest concentration was observed in the western coastal region (2.88 nmol/L) in April. The highest and lowest Fe(II) concentrations were observed in the Licun estuary (22.42 nmol/L) and outer bay (0.50 nmol/L) in May, respectively. We calculated the proportions of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) as well as the ratio of Fe(II) to DFe in all four months. The mean Fe(II)/DFe ratio was 0.48 in April, 0.43 in May, 0.69 in June, and 0.32 in July. The mean ratio of NO₃^? to DIN was 0.78 in April, 0.54 in May, 0.20 in June, and 0.62 in July. NO₃^?/DIN continuously decreased in the first three months, while Fe(II)/DFe remained high, which suggests that the reduction of iron and nitrate occurred simultaneously in the surface waters of JZB.     

黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛脆弱生态系统破坏现状及保护对策

黄河三角洲的无棣、沾化海岸数千年来形成的贝壳堤为世界三大古贝壳堤之一。近20多年来,贝壳堤岛脆弱生态系统受到严重破坏,主要表现在面积锐减,生物多样性降低。究其原因,一是风暴潮袭击、海岸侵蚀等自然因素影响,二是滥挖贝壳砂、无序发展盐业生产和滩涂养殖、修筑防潮大坝、兴建工业企业和民居等人为因素破坏。保护贝壳堤岛生态系统,要强化该国家级自然保护区建设与管理,尽快修复脆弱生态系统,加强自然保护区科学研究,还要加大自然保护宣传力度。     

苯胺类化合物微生物降解研究进展

苯胺类化合物是广泛应用的化工材料,已经造成了严重的环境污染,并危及了人体健康.利用微生物方法处理环境中的污染物质目前备受青睐,它有着物理和化学方法不可比拟的优越性.对苯胺类化合物的微生物降解研究现状进行了系统的综述,包括具有降解苯胺类化合物能力的微生物类群、苯胺类化合物的降解途径及苯胺类化合物降解的影响因素,提出了苯胺类化合物生物降解研究中存在的问题和尚需进一步研究的方面.     

硝化抑制剂的加量对生化需氧量值影响的探讨

BOD作为衡量水体受有机污染程度的重要指标,其反映的可生化降解性是其他参数无法替代的。在5日生化培养时间内,硝化作用的耗氧量取决于是否存在足够数量的能进行此种氧化作用的微生物,许多二级生化处理的出水和受污染较久的水体中,往往含有大量硝化微生物,因此测定这种水样时应抑制其硝化反应。通过对特定水体硝化抑制剂添加与否及加量多少对BOD5测定结果的影响,分析并探讨抑制特定水体硝化过程的最佳条件。在严格质量控制的基础上,对特定行业和环境水体的实际样品进行硝化抑制剂添加与否和加量及时间培养曲线等对比实验,通过所得到的比对数据以化学需氧量值与BOD5之间关系为基准,对硝化抑制剂的加量进行了探究。     

中空纤维膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性

中空纤维膜生物反应器生活污水处理特性的试验研究结果表明：Ｄ ＨＲＴ为１．５ｈ,ＣＯＤ容积负荷为５．７６ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３·ｄ）条件下,均可实现９０％以上的ＣＯＤ去除率;对ＮＨ３－Ｎ的去除率可稳定在９０％以上,高ＭＬＳＳ浓度８０００－１００００ｍｇ·Ｌ）提供了内部厌氧环境,使膜生物反应器的Ｔ－Ｎ去除率可达５０－６０％,中空纤维生物反应器处理高效,不受冲击负荷影响,操作管理方便,其生活物反应器体积比常规生     

代氰预镀铜工艺研究及应用

对代氰预镀铜工艺进行了实验研究和应用研究。结果表明：该工艺对钢铁及锌合金等金属具有良好的结合力,具有较宽的工艺条件,对杂质的容许力强,分散能力好,具有强脱脂除油能力,代氰预镀溶液成分带入后道工序不产生或不产生明显影响等,已基本达到了氰化预镀铜工艺的水准。     

柳州地区酸沉降临界负荷的确定

为了对目标沉降量的制定提供定量依据,根据现场调查和实验测量获得柳州红壤的物理化学特性,地表水化学行性及降水化学背景和现状的数据,应用改进的ＭＡＧＩＣ模型计算不同酸沉降量下土壤的酸化过程。结果表明：柳州土壤已处于酸化状态并呈现继续酸化趋势,表层土壤敏感性较强,而底层土壤和地表水缓冲能力较强。     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-HCH contaminated soil induced by α-Fe2O3 and TiO2

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of γ-HCH on soil surfaces was carded out to evaluate the photocatalytic effectiveness of α-Fe2O3 and TiO2 toward degrading γ-HCH on soil surfaces. After being spiked with γ-HCH, soil samples were loaded with α-Fe2O3 or TiO2 and exposed to UV-light irradiation. Different catalyst loads, 0%, 2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% (wt.)α-Fe2O3 ; 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2:(Wt.)TiO2, were tested for up to 7 d irradiation. The effects of soil thickness, acidity, and humic substances were also investigated. The obtained results indicated that the γ-HCH photodegradation follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The addition of α-Fe2O3 or TiO2 accelerates the photodegradation of γ-HCH, while the photodegradation rate decreases when the content of α-Fe2O3 exceeds 7% (wt.).The degradation rate increases with the soil pH value. Humic substances inhibit the photocatalytic degradation of γ-HCH., and trichlorobenzene are detected as photodegradation intermediates, which are gradually degraded with the photodegradation evolution.     

应用物种敏感性分布评价敌敌畏对淡水生物的生态风险

敌敌畏是一类重要的有机磷杀虫剂,但其对水生生态的影响至今研究较少。为了评价其生态风险,构建了淡水水生生物对敌敌畏的物种敏感性分布(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)模型,在此基础上,讨论了影响SSD模型的主要因素;并分析了该模型的不确定性;推导了敌敌畏对不同类别生物的5%危害浓度HC5(hazardous concentration for 5%the species)阈值;整理收集了我国重要流域水体中敌敌畏的环境浓度;结合SSD模型计算了对淡水生物的潜在影响比例(potentially affected fraction,PAF)。结果表明:1)不同模型的选择会影响HC5的结果,且Burr III模型拟合结果较好,推导的HC5值为0.37μg·L-1;2)无脊椎动物在敌敌畏低浓度范围内的敏感性明显高于脊椎动物。甲壳类动物与昆虫和蜘蛛类相似,敏感度较高,鱼类则较低;3)应用Burr III模型构建SSD时,参数k值对HC5最为敏感,蒙特卡罗随机模拟得到HC5变化范围为0.05~40.57μg·L-1,均值为5.07μg·L-1;4)敌敌畏对我国淡水生态影响较小,PAF均低于1%,其中黄河和太湖流域敌敌畏的生态风险高于其他河流湖泊,珠江口和南海北部较低。上述研究结果为评价敌敌畏对全国不同水体水生生物的潜在生态风险提供了科学依据。