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871.
Hui Xie Lusheng Zhu Tingting M Jun Wang Jinhua Wang Jun Su Bo Shao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(12):1930-1935
The free enzyme extracted from WZ-I,which was identified as Fusarium LK.ex Fx,could effectively degrade chlorpyrifos,an organophosphate insecticide.The methods of immobilizing this free enzyme and determined its degradation-related characteristics were investigated.The properties of the immobilized enzyme were compared with those of the free enzyme.The optimal immobilization of the enzyme was achieved in a solution of 30 g/L sodium alginate at 4°C for 4-12 hr.The immobilized enzyme showed the maximal activity at pH 8.0,45°C.The maximum initial rate and the substrate concentration of the immobilized enzyme were less than that of the free enzyme.The immobilized enzyme,therefore,had a higher capacity to withstand a broader range of temperatures and pH conditions than the free enzyme.With varying pH and temperatures,the immobilized enzyme was more active than the free enzyme in the degradation reaction.In addition,the immobilized enzyme exhibited only a slight loss in its initial activity,even after three repeated uses.The results showed that the immobilized enzyme was more resistant to different environmental conditions,suggesting that it was viable for future practical use. 相似文献
872.
当前养殖场周边环境严重影响畜禽类的养殖质量,以基于DNA条形码技术的黄牛肉质检测物研究为例,对黄牛肉的真伪进行了检测。对黄牛种类特异性基因COI基因(NC_006853.1)序列进行设计,利用DNA提取、DNA纯度和浓度测定、PCR扩增、电泳检测、DNA纯化和回收、DNA克隆,完成肉质真伪的检测。得到电泳检测结果,真正黄牛肉扩增片段长度为534 bp,其余肉品样本不能扩增出534 bp。实验结果表明,该检测方法操作方便,检测时间短,应用前景较好,可以满足市场肉类监督检测需要。 相似文献
873.
Yang Li Yaobin Zhang Xie Quan Jingxin Zhang Shuo Chen Shahzad Afzal 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(10):1970-1976
Accumulation of hydrogen during anaerobic processes usually results in low decomposition of volatile organic acids(VFAs). On the other hand, hydrogen is a good electron donor for dye reduction, which would help the acetogenic conversion in keeping low hydrogen concentration. The main objective of the study was to accelerate VFA composition through using azo dye as electron acceptor. The results indicated that the azo dye serving as an electron acceptor could avoid H2 accumulation and accelerate anaerobic digestion of VFAs. After adding the azo dye, propionate decreased from 2400.0 to 689.5 mg/L and acetate production increased from 180.0 to 519.5 mg/L. It meant that the conversion of propionate into acetate was enhanced. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the abundance of propionate-utilizing acetogens with the presence of azo dye was greater than that in a reference without azo dye. The experiments via using glucose as the substrate further demonstrated that the VFA decomposition and the chemical oxygen demand(COD) removal increased by 319.7 mg/L and 23.3% respectively after adding the azo dye. Therefore, adding moderate azo dye might be a way to recover anaerobic system from deterioration due to the accumulation of H2 or VFAs. 相似文献
874.
Yongmin Wang Qing Xie Qinqin Xu Jinping Xue Cheng Zhang Dingyong Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(4):352-359
As a global toxic pollutant,mercury(Hg)bioaccumulation within food chain could be influenced by human disturbance.Ten typical fish species were collected from Changshou Lake,an artificial lake used to carry out cage fish culture,to investigate the C/N isotopic compositions and Hg bioaccumulation in fish.The results showed that the total Hg(THg)and methylmercury(MeHg)levels in fish muscles((56.03±43.96)and(32.35±29.57)ng/g,wet weight),comparable with those in most studies in China,were significantly lower than the international marketing limit(0.5 mg/kg).Past human input for cage culture in this lake led to abnormal~(15)N enrichment in food chain,as the quantitative trophic levels based onδ~(15)N were different with that classified by feeding behaviors.This phenomenon subsequently demonstrated that it should be considered thoughtfully with respect to the application of the traditional method for understanding Hg bioaccumulation power by the slope of log_(10)[Hg]withδ~(15)N regression in specific water body(i.e.,Changshou Lake).In addition,no significant linear correlation between Hg and body weight or length of some fish species was observed,suggesting that the fish growth in the eutrophic environment was disproportionate with Hg bioaccumulation,and fish length or weight was not the main factor affecting Hg transfer with food web.The occurrence of human disturbance in aquatic system presents a challenge to a better understanding of the Hg bioaccumulation and biomagnification within the food chain. 相似文献
875.
为全面认识多氯有机物在天然水沉积物中的转化行为,利用超声波发生仪萃取沉积物样品,采用气相色谱仪(Ni63-ECD)定量分析,在缺氧条件下,测定了辽河沉积物中六氯苯(HCB)、γ-HCH的微生物降解速率.在单个培养体系中,测定出不外加有机碳源,外加葡萄糖和乙酸钠3种条件下HCB、γ-HCH的缺氧降解符合准一级动力学方程,动力学常数分别为HCB k(不外加有机碳源)=0.0014d-1, k(葡萄糖)= 0.0033d-1, k(乙酸钠)= 0.0052d-1;γ-HCH k(不外加有机碳源)=0.0454d-1, k(葡萄糖)=0.1143d-1, k(乙酸钠)=0.1451d-1.在2种氯代物混合培养体系中,HCB、γ-HCH的降解速率均有所下降.经GC-MS测定,三氯苯、二氯苯分别是HCB、γ-HCH的主要降解产物. 相似文献
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The biosafety of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), mainly used as a gasoline additive, has long been a contentious topic. In addition to its routine toxicities, MTBE has been demonstrated to disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes as well as obesity. As one of the morbidities related to dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis is worthy of being investigated under MTBE exposure. Since foam cells derived from macrophages play pivotal roles during atherosclerosis development, we studied the effects of MTBE on macrophages in vitro and assessed the effect of MTBE on atherosclerosis plaque formation with the ApoE?/? mouse model in vivo for the first time. Our results demonstrated that exposure to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations decreased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, which are responsible for macrophage cholesterol efflux, at both mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 macrophages. Consequently, treatment with MTBE inhibited the transport of cholesterol from macrophages to High-density lipoprotein. ApoE?/? mice exposed to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations (100, 1000 μg/kg) displayed significant increases in lesion area in the aorta and aortic root compared to vehicle-treated ones. Further analysis indicated that MTBE exposure enhanced the macrophage-specific marker Mac-2 contents within plaques in the aortic root, implying that MTBE could promote macrophage-derived foam cell formation and thus accelerate atherosclerosis plaque formation. We for the first time demonstrated the pro-atherogenic effect of MTBE via eliciting disruption of macrophage cholesterol efflux and accelerating foam cell formation and atherosclerosis plaque development. 相似文献