饱和除磷改性钢渣再生技术研究

用不同氧化还原电位的盐酸溶液和氢氧化钠溶液作为再生溶液对吸附磷饱和的改性钢渣进行再生,研究了影响改性钢渣再生的相关参数。结果表明：再生液中盐酸溶液的浓度为1．5mol／L,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为2mol／L,二者的体积分别为50mL;再生时间为100h,再生溶液氧化还原电位为-100mV时,脱附率较好。     

温度和pH对填埋场防渗帷幕吸附重金属离子的影响

以Pb（NO3）2和CdCl2作为模拟渗滤液,通过吸附实验,研究了体系pH值和温度变化对填埋场防渗帷幕吸附垃圾渗滤液中重金属离子的影响,探讨了防渗帷幕对重金属离子的吸附机理。研究结果表明：pH值是影响重金属离子吸附的重要因素,一般来说,弱酸性环境（pH=5～7）有利于防渗帷幕对铅和镉的吸附,随着体系pH值的升高,防渗帷幕对铅和镉的吸附率逐渐增大,且对铅的吸附率高于对镉的吸附率;温度是影响防渗帷幕吸附过程的重要环境因子之一,实验条件下,随着温度的升高,防渗帷幕对重金属离子的平衡吸附量均略微下降,说明季节不同防渗帷幕对渗滤液的阻滞能力不同。     

臭氧氧化法处理城市污水厂出水的实验研究

为了开发污水的回用技术，对北京市某污水处理厂二处理后出水中含有的有机物进行了臭氧无催化氧化、臭氧碱催化氧化、臭氧／过氧化氢氧化和臭氧加过渡性金属离子／过氧化氢催化氧化工艺的实验研究。结果表明，自氧／过氧化氢氧化工艺达到了较好的效果，在Ｈ２Ｏ２＝３ｍｇ／Ｌ时投加臭氧１３ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤｃｒ由４５ｍｇ／Ｌ降至２０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

福建省梅仙式块状硫化物矿床

梅仙式铅锌矿床是在大陆裂谷环境下形成的，有明显的块状硫化物矿床特征。矿化受震旦系龙北溪组绿片岩控制。矿体里似层状，与围岩产状一致。绿片岩原岩是一套含板内拉斑玄武岩的火山沉积建造。矿物组合和 Ｚｎ／Ｐｂ比值有分带性。层状矿体下盘有脉状、网脉状矿化和蚀变带。矿石有特征的结构构造。硫以幔源为主，铅是幔壳混合成因，矿液以海水成因为主．可能有少量雨水、岩浆水等渗入，反映物质的多来源和成矿受多种地质事件的叠加改造。本式矿床可与火山岩容矿型的加拿大新不伦瑞克省的块状硫化物矿床类比，也可作为广义华南型的一个亚型。     

阿特拉津生产废水排放对水稻危害的风险分析

阿特拉津是目前世界上广泛使用的除草剂之一,在我国主要使用于东北和华北地区。近年来我国一些地区接连发现了灌溉含有阿特拉津河水的水稻疫苗受害事件。以河北省宣化农药厂的生产工艺为例,通过使用概率评价的方法,进行了阿特拉津对水稻危害的风险分析研究结果表明,这种风险不仅与工厂废水中阿特拉津的排放有关,而且还取决于河水的流量及其风险率所得结果与该厂历史上的实际情况相吻合。     

试论控制陆源污染防治海洋赤潮

简述了赤潮发生的原因、危害及发生情况,通过对海洋污染状况的分析,论述了从治理陆源污染源入手,削减氮、磷排放量,防治海洋赤潮的途径及措施。     

Contributing institutional factors of rural environmental pollution in the process of modernization in China —In the perspective of the efficiency of environmental management system

With the development of rural pollution, its characteristic and institutional factor should be studied for pollution control through economics and sociology. Based on the data gathered from investigations by several government sectors, rural environmental pollution can be divided into two types by its sources: internal source type and external source type. The internal source type is the main component of rural pollution at present, which can be further divided into three types. Research shows that the contributing institutional factors of rural pollution issues and the effectiveness of environmental management system over rural pollution can be summarized as distinctiveness. In essence, the rural pollution issue results from the dualism of rural and urban areas’ inadaptability to rural modernization. In detail, the contributing factors can be summed up on three institutional levels. There are obvious loopholes in rural environmental management system which, in the meantime, is incapable and inadaptable to rural pollution control. There exist similar questions in the related public service system, which are intensified by inappropriate reform which brought about incompatible incentive in the recent years. However, in the eleventh five-year plan period, there are advantageous trends in the three institutional levels. Main data sources in this paper: ➀ the surveys on TVEs (township and village enterprises) conducted by Township Enterprise Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture of China in 1997 and 2002; ➁ the partial survey on rural environmental conditions by EPA (environmental protection administration) of Zhejiang Province in 2002; ➂ the survey on the pollution of IPLFs (livestock and poultry farms) in 23 provinces, municipalities, and directly administered cities by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China in 2002; ➃ the research report on Mechanism of Investment and Financing for Environmental Protection by China Council for International Environment and Development Cooperation in 2003; ➄ the third investigation on national hygiene service in 2003; ➅ the regular monitoring of safe quality of agricultural products by the Ministry of Agriculture of China in 2005; ➆ the investigation arranged by the Ministry of Health which finished in 2007 and showed the total situation of rural environmental health and drinking water security of the whole country.     

臭氧接触池臭氧投加方式的优化

臭氧接触池内臭氧(O₃)投加方式是影响臭氧接触池反应效率的关键因素. 以密云水库水为处理对象,对臭氧接触池内臭氧投加方式进行优化,通过考察气液接触方式和投加点个数对ρ(O₃)、传质效率及有机物去除率的影响,确定最优臭氧投加方式. 结果表明,适当增加布气点个数可有效增强气液传质,提高有机物去除率,但当布气点个数高于3个时,臭氧传质效率无明显提升,而且造成出水ρ(O₃)过高,不利于后续工艺的进行. 采用三段式臭氧投加方式,臭氧投加比为3∶3∶1时,密云水库水中臭氧传质效率达78.1%,有机物去除率为47.5%; 向密云水库水中添加3mg/L腐殖酸后,该投加比下臭氧传质效率为76.8%,有机物去除率为40.3%,出水ρ(O₃)为0.26mg/L,不会对后续工艺产生影响;并且该条件下臭氧利用率最高,BrO₃-生成量最低,为最佳臭氧投加比.      

依法推进循环经济发展

本世纪头20年,中国将长期处于工业化和城市化加速发展的阶段.在这一发展阶段,中国既面临资源短缺和环境破坏的双重压力,又具备转变传统粗放型增长方式的重要战略机遇.只有抓住这一重要战略机遇期,加快转变经济增长方式,大力推进循环经济发展,我们才能从根本上缓解中国的资源和环境压力,实现建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会的长期目标,逐步达到人与自然的和谐.     

回灌条件下垃圾填埋体析出氨氮总量模型

文章在试验基础上提出垃圾厌氧填埋场达到稳定后，温度与渗滤液中氨氮析出总量呈二次关系，对试验数据进行相关性分析，其相关系数R2达到0．9185，从而验证了该二次函数关系的正确性。同时本文提出了回灌条件下，垃圾厌氧填埋体氨氮析出总量的模型，为今后该方面研究工作的进一步展开提供借鉴。