"利达洲18"轮污染事故应急处理与思考

结合“利达洲18”轮溢油事故全过程,分析了应对突发性油污染事故存在的问题,提出了相应的意见和建议。     

澳门半岛机动车排放污染物的浓度空间分布研究

建立了以GIS为平台的澳门机动车污染物排放清单。在此基础上，采用修正的ISCST3模式对澳门半岛1月份（1997年）大气中CO和NOx浓度的空间分布关况进行了模拟。结果表明，从整体上看，澳门半岛大气中CO和NOx1月份的平均浓度基于符合国家大气质量一级标准，但在重要交通干线附近的区域，污染（尤其是NOx）已经比较严重。模拟的CO和NOx峰值浓度出现在荷兰园大马路和雅廉访大马路交界处，分别为2121、78μg/m^3。研究结果可澳门机动车污染物排放控制提供科学依据。     

Effects of butachlor on microbial enzyme activities in paddy soil

This paper reports the influences of the herbicide butachlor(n-butoxymethl-chloro-2‘,6‘-diethylacetnilide)on microbial respiration,nitrogen fixation and nitrification,and on the activities of dehydrogenase and hydrogen peroxidase in paddy soil.The results showed that after application of butachlor with concentrations of 5.5μg/g dried soil,11.0μg/g dried soil and 22.0μg/g dried soil,the application of butachlor enhanced the activity of dehydrogenase at increasing concentrations.The soil dehydrogenase showed the highest activity on the 16th day after application of 22.0μg/g dried soil of butachlor.The hydrogen peroxidase could be stimulated by cutachlor.The soil respiration was depressed within a period from several days to more than 20 days,depending on concentrations of butachlor applied.Both the nitrogen fixation and nitrification were stimulated in the beginning but reduced greatly afterwards in paddy soil.     

废线切割液絮凝破乳的研究

针对废线切割液乳化稳定性高、ＣＯＤ值高及采用单一絮凝剂处理难以达到破乳目的等特点，通过筛选复配出了最佳破乳絮凝剂，并得出复配剂适用的ｐＨ值、投药剂量和顺序等最佳絮凝条件。试验结果表明，在ｐＨ＝６．５～８．０，投量为２．８～３．０ｇ／Ｌ的条件下，用复配药剂处理ＣＯＤＣｒ为５６３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的废线切割乳液，油水分离较完全，ＣＯＤＣｒ的去除率达９８．８％以上，其处理效果明显优于常规絮凝剂。     

环境质量资本税的征收与可持续发展

论述了社会进程中人类活动导致环境质量逐渐存在差异，其中相对优质的环境便具有了稀缺资源的性质，即“环境质量资源”。阐述了环境质量资源是重要的自然资本，指出环境质量资源稀缺是现代社会的基本特征，且这种稀缺不以现代人的意志为转移。着重论述了征收环境质量资本税对国家实施可持续发展的重大意义。     

非定向河网水质模式及计算方法

在研究京津地区排污河网有机污染物的分布时,建立了非定向河网水质模式,并在计算中引入了相关矩阵和递归函数的概念,使模式的计算过程简化,解决了由于河水流向不定带来的问题。     

Monitoring in Building Road Tunnel Across Coal Measures

<正>In some cases coal measures, goaf, big caves, and huge faults, as well as high initial stress cannot be avoided in road tunnel excavation. These geological features may make it more difficul practical tunnel construction. So it is necessary to take strong precautious measures against gas outburst, water bursting and roof fall in a tunnel across coal measures with risk of gas outburst. The techniques, such as advance drilling exploration, multiple-cycle shallow depth hole controlled blasting, reinforced supporting, which include concrete grouting and twice supporting, and monitoring measures are often applied in the construction of tunnels and satisfied results are achieved. Results in this paper can help others to get experiences in road tunnel construction with similar geological features.     

一氧化碳基础吸附剂的筛选与优化

通过研究不同材质、不同前处理和不同粒度的活性炭成分子筛，在一定条件下对ＣＯ吸附量的差异，以及吸附碳性能，进行筛选和优化，得到对ＣＯ有较好附性能的基础吸附剂，并对其添加改性剂Ｂ进行改性，研究结果表明，改性后的活性炭（酸洗３２～３８日）吸附剂对ＣＯ的吸附量有显著提高，平衡吸附量为８４．０７ｍｇ／ｇ，提高率为７９．３％，可为研制新型防御ＣＯ滤毒剂提供依据。     

中国南方寒武—奥陶纪大陆斜坡的特征、演化和有关矿产

寒武—奥陶纪,中国南方发育着一个壮观的大陆斜坡。斜坡规模长约二干多公里、宽几十至几百公里,在其范围内,拥有各种各样的大中小型金属和非金属矿床,特别是磷、钒、钡、钼、镍、铜、金、银、锰、石煤和油气。据研究:该斜坡带有八大类沉积物类型即岩崩、滑移、滑塌沉积等和三种横向沉积模式,所谓缓坡、加积型边缘和跌积型边缘,还有四种垂向演化类型,即推进式、后退式、直立式、淹没式。斜坡带的生物群落属台地和盆地的混合型,或者互相渗透的过渡型,此外,尚有一些特有的生物种属和遗迹化石。该斜坡带有沉积单斜构造、重力滑动构造、同沉积断裂构造和隆起构造四种重要的构造形式。 寒武—奥陶纪华南不存在“江南古陆”,应为一长期持续下降的深水斜坡一陆隆环境。华南古大陆边缘曾经历了裂谷作用(?—Z_1)、被动大陆边缘(Z_2—O_1)和闭合造山(O_2—S)三个阶段。作者对斜坡带中的沉积磷矿、重品石矿、石煤矿、锰矿、金银矿化层及油气资源进行了分析和探讨,指出华南古大陆斜坡带是十分有利的成矿域。     

Kinetic analysis of photocatalytic oxidation of gas-phase formaldehyde over titanium dioxide

Degradation of formaldehyde with different initial concentration over titanium dioxide was carried out in a photocatalytic reactor. Photocatalytic rates were well described by the simplified Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The kinetic analysis shows that the apparent first-order reaction coefficient is lower and half-life of photocatalysis is longer for low concentration than for high concentration formaldehyde. A network formation model of the photocatalytic products was established. Experimental results and analysis demonstrate that carbon dioxide concentration and carbon monoxide concentration in gas phase vary exponentially with the illumination time and may be even higher than gas-phase formaldehyde concentration if there is much pre-adsorbed formaldehyde in adsorption equilibrium on catalysts before illumination. Carbon monoxide is found to be one of the by-products during formaldehyde photooxidation.