The electrochemical selective reduction of NO using CoSe2@CNTs hybrid

Converting the NO from gaseous pollutant into NH₄ ⁺ through electrocatalytical reduction using cost-effective materials holds great promise for pollutant purifying and resources recycling. In this work, we developed a highly selective and stable catalyst CoSe₂ nanoparticle hybridized with carbon nanotubes (CoSe₂@CNTs). The CoSe₂@CNTs hybrid catalysts performed an extraordinary high selectivity for NH₄ ⁺ formation in NO electroreduction with minimal N₂O production and H₂ evolution. The specific spatial structure of CoSe₂ is conductive to the predominant formation of N-H bond between the N from adsorbed NO and H and inhibition of N-N formation from adjacent adsorbed NO. It was also the first time to convert the coordinated NO into NH₄ ⁺ using non-noble metal catalysis. Moreover, the original concept of employing CoSe₂ as eletrocatalyst for NO hydrogenation presented in this work can broaden horizons and provide new dimensions in the design of new highly efficient catalysts for NH₄ ⁺ synthesis in aqueous solution.

     

Oasis land-use change and its effects on the oasis eco-environment in Keriya Oasis,China

Land-use change in oases of arid zones play a significant role in the sustainable development and stability of oases. This paper presents a typical case of successful efforts to mitigate land-use change, its drivers and effects on the oasis eco-environment at Keriya Oasis in the western arid zone of China using remotely-sensed data, official statistics, and data collected by field investigation. Mathematical models were developed to quantify important elements related to land-use change, including net change and total change. The results indicate that: (1) approximately 17% of land-use types of Keriya Oasis changed between 1991 and 2002; (2) socioeconomic development, climate change, and economic polices contributed to land-use change in the oasis; (3) inappropriate human activities were the main cause of land-use change and eco-environmental degradation in the oasis; and (4) the stability of the oasis is threatened by land-use change and unexpected eco-environmental changes in the oasis and oasis–desert ecotone. The study suggests irrational human activity in arid zones, and that caution should be exercised to maintain stability and sustainable development of oases.     

Forecasting energy demand of China using Bayesian Combination model

To analyze the impact of the related economic factors on China's energy demand, Path analysis is used to analyze the major factors and their direct and indirect effects on energy demand. This study showed that the main factors that affect the energy demand are the economic growth, the total population, and the primary energy structure, the economic growth is the main determining factor, and the primary energy structure is the major restrictive factor. On this basis and considering the multicollinearity and the validity of the forecast, we established a partial least-square (PLS) and the trend extrapolation prediction model, and then we sum up all the information to found a PLS—trend extrapolation combination forecasting model based on the optimized combining forecast theory. Finally, we obtain the probability distribution of the error using the Bayesian statistic theory and find the confidence interval of combining forecasting result. The results indicate that the outcome of combining forecasting will be more precise after using the Bayesian error correction approach.     

Microbial aerosol particles in four seasons of sanitary landfill site: Molecular approaches, traceability and risk assessment

Landfill sites are regarded as prominent sources of bioaerosols for the surrounding atmosphere. The present study focused on the emission of airborne bacteria and fungi in four seasons of a sanitary landfill site. The main species found in bioaerosols were assayed using high-throughput sequencing. The SourceTracker method was utilized to identify the sources of the bioaerosols present at the boundary of the landfill site. Furthermore, the health consequences of the exposure to bioaerosols were evaluated based on the average daily dose rates. Results showed that the concentrations of airborne bacteria in the operation area (OPA) and the leakage treatment area (LTA) were in the range of (4684 ± 477)–(10883 ± 1395) CFU/m³ and (3179 ± 453)–(9051 ± 738) CFU/m³, respectively. The average emission levels of fungal aerosols were 4026 CFU/m³ for OPA and 1295 CFU/m³ for LTA. The landfill site received the maximum bioaerosol load during summer and the minimum during winter. Approximately 41.39%– 86.24% of the airborne bacteria had a particle size of 1.1 to 4.7 µm, whereas 48.27%– 66.45% of the airborne fungi had a particle size of more than 4.7 µm. Bacillus sp., Brevibacillus sp., and Paenibacillus sp. were abundant in the bacterial population, whereas Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. dominated the fungal population. Bioaerosols released from the working area and treatment of leachate were the two main sources that emerged in the surrounding air of the landfill site boundary. The exposure risks during summer and autumn were higher than those in spring and winter.     

三峡库区渝巴公路马道子滑坡岸段动态风险评价

水库区公路岸坡属大型线性工程,其灾害评价主要涉及沿线两侧一定宽度范围,总体呈线状或条带状;库水升降及降雨作用,可引起岸坡地下水位的波动,从而导致岸坡稳定性的变化,这一过程是一个动态变化过程;基于以上认识,以三峡库区渝巴公路马道子滑坡段为例,根据线性工程风险评价的特点,采用地下水浸润线简化求解公式,并按照滑坡动态稳定性的理念,对该公路岸坡段的动态风险进行了初步评价,并对治理必要性进行了分析,结果与实际相符。     

背包中短链氯化石蜡污染特征分析及其健康风险评价

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是一类含碳原子数为10-13的正构烷烃氯化衍生物,也是一类具有持久性、长距离迁移性、生物蓄积性和生物毒性的物质,对生态环境和人类健康安全存在潜在的风险.为了解市售背包中SCCPs的污染特征及健康风险,本文采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定29种常见品牌背包中SCCPs的含量,并采用健康...     

清洁生产思维下的环境影响评价程序

我国的项目环境影响评价是在建设项目的可行性研究阶段进行的,评价的重点放在污染防治设施的规模、资金和性能上,提出的治理措施是通过“三同时”制度保证实施。很明显,项目环境影响评价制度追求的是“末端治理”设施的功效是否得以实现,污染物是否达标排放,而忽视了主体生产工程本身的环保措施及生产过程中消减污染物的潜力和机会,即清洁生产的机会。基于项目环境影响评价的上述不足,阐述了清洁生产的概念及实施意义,分析了清洁生产观念对环境影响评价的影响,即对建设项目的环境影响评价应扩大到项目的立项到实施全过程,对产品设计、原材料选用、工艺设计、技术选择和能源消耗等等方面进行清洁生产审计,发现潜在的清洁生产机会并提出相应的清洁生产措施,同时通过“三同时”制度建立了清洁生产思维下的环境影响评价程序,发展了立足于清洁生产审计的环境影响评价方法。     

Comparing the performance of landfill liner systems

 Some minimum design requirements for landfill liner systems were compared, and the performance of several Japanese liner systems was investigated by two-dimensional (2D) contaminant transport analysis. We demonstrate that (1) the performance of each system specified by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (at present the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare) varies, (2) the adsorption characteristics of the mineral barrier has a significant effect on the contaminant transport process, and (3) a geomembrane layer in the barrier system is very efficient in reducing the peak concentration of contaminants in the groundwater beneath a landfill even if the geomembrane has a number of defects. Under the conditions considered, the analysis results show that a liner system without a geomembrane layer should be avoided. Received: July 4, 2001 / Accepted: March 26, 2002     

地理信息系统在环境影响评价中的应用

从项目环境影响评价（EIA）的局限性出发，简述了目前EIA的研究现状，同时概述了地理信息系统（GIS）的功能和应用，重点讨论了环境影响评价领域中应用地理信息系统的现状、必要性及其展望。