电子电器生产企业物料流动分析方法研究

有效地控制电子企业环境污染,提高资源的利用率,回收有价值的资源,是电子企业的必然选择。建立了以物质守恒定律为依据的物料流动平衡分析式和平衡图,提出了物料平衡对象的选择,研究了物料流动分析方法,确定数据获取的方法与边界,阐述了提高生产效率、降低物耗和能耗、回收资源的解决方案。     

Estimation of Daily Streamflow of Southeastern Coastal Plain Watersheds by Combining Estimated Magnitude and Sequence

Commonly used methods to predict streamflow at ungauged watersheds implicitly predict streamflow magnitude and temporal sequence concurrently. An alternative approach that has not been fully explored is the conceptualization of streamflow as a composite of two separable components of magnitude and sequence, where each component is estimated separately and then combined. Magnitude is modeled using the flow duration curve (FDC), whereas sequence is modeled by transferring streamflow sequence of gauged watershed(s). This study tests the applicability of the approach on watersheds ranging in size from about 25‐7,226 km² in Southeastern Coastal Plain (U.S.) with substantial surface storage of wetlands. A 19‐point regionalized FDC is developed to estimate streamflow magnitude using the three most selected variables (drainage area, hydrologic soil index, and maximum 24‐h precipitation with a recurrence interval of 100 years) by a greedy‐heuristic search process. The results of validation on four watersheds (Trent River, North Carolina: 02092500; Satilla River, Georgia: 02226500; Black River, South Carolina: 02136000; and Coosawhatchie River, South Carolina: 02176500) yielded Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency values of 0.86‐0.98 for the predicted magnitude and 0.09‐0.84 for the predicted daily streamflow over a simulation period of 1960‐2010. The prediction accuracy of the method on two headwater watersheds at Santee Experimental Forest in coastal South Carolina was weak, but comparable to simulations by MIKE‐SHE.     

一个第四纪红色粘土母质发育的红壤剖面微形态特征的研究

发育在我国南方亚热带季风气候地区的第四纪红色粘土母质上的红壤早已为人们所注意。这是一类粘粒主要由结晶度不甚高的高岭石以及铝蛭石、伊利石，针铁矿所组成，具有一定脱硅富铝化程度且粘重的土壤．本文以微形态学方法对一个这类土壤剖面（江西余江）进行了详细研究．结果表明：该剖面微形态的演变主要表现在细粒物质及微结构特征的变化两方面。这些变化似乎与土体内的水分状况变化及因而引起的粘粒物质移动有关．令人感兴趣的是：在红色心土层的中上部（Ｂ１层）可观察到典型的微团聚化现象，说明这一过程不仅仅为热带湿润地区高度发育的铁铝土所特有，而且在北亚热带季风气候条件下发育的红壤中同样也有发生。     

也门Reema-1井硫化氢风险预测与控制

介绍了Reema-1探井的地层预测结果,为确保勘探阶段的安全,结合邻井的硫化氢显示情况,依据硫化氢产生机理,对Reema-1可能存在的硫化氢风险进行了预测,并提出了预防措施。     

Anaerobic BTEX degradation in soil bioaugmented with mixed consortia under nitrate reducing conditions

Different concentrations of BTEX, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers, were added into soil samples to investigate the anaerobic degradation potential by the augmented BTEX-adapted consortia under niwate reducing conditiom. All the BTEX substrates could be anaerobically biodegraded to non-detectable levels within 70 d when the initial concentrations were below 100 mg/kg in soil. Toluene was degraded faster than any other BTEX compounds, and the high-to-low order ofdegradation rates were toluene>ethylbenzene>m. xylene>o-xylene>benzene>P. xylene. Nitrite was accumulated with nitrate reduction. but the accumulation of nitrite had no inhibitory effect on the degradation of BTEX throughout the whole incubation. Indigenous bacteria in tIle soil could enhance the BTEX biodegradation ability of the enriched mixed bacteria. When the six BTEX compounds were simultaneously present in soil, there was no apparent inhibitory effect on their degradation with lower initial concentrations. Alternatively, benzene, o-xylene, and P-xylene degradation were inhibited with higher initial concentrations of 300 mg/kg. Higher BTEX biodegradation rates were observed in soil samples with the addition of sodium acetate compared to the presence of a single BTEX substrate. and the hypothesis of primary-substrate stimulation or cometabolic enhancement of BTEX biodegradation seems likely.     

城市中水回用于电厂循环冷却水的处理技术实例

利用石灰处理法将城市中水进行深度处理后作为电厂冷却水补充水。石灰处理技术有以下优点：运行费用低、环境污染小;不向水中投加大量的可溶性盐;无废水的排放,不污染自然水体;废弃物为固体,便于处置;经石灰软化处理的水,其有机物,硅化物,铁等的含量均将减少;石灰处理技术运行寿命长,维护工作量小,技术成熟可靠,投资低。通过石灰处理法对城市污水进行深度处理,城市污水完全可以安全地回用于火力发电厂的循环冷却水系统。     

Ecosystem health assessment of urban rivers and lakes-Case study of "the six lakes" in Beijing,China

The assessment of the ecosystem health of urban rivers and lakes is the scientific basis for their management and ecological restoration. This study developed a three-level indicator system for its assessment. The results indicated that: Zhonghai and Nanhai are in the state of transition from unhealthy to critical state and all the other lakes are in unhealthy states. Water environmental quality, structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem, and the structure of waterfront areas were the constraints. Nanhai was ranked as poor and the others were all ranked as very poor. However, the ecological environment of Zhonghai and Nanhai were better than the others, the sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state were all close to 0.6. and the restorations of these lakes were moderate. The sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state of the other lakes were under 0.3, as it was difficult to restore these lakes. Some suggestions on scientific management and ecological restoration of the six lakes were proposed: ①To control non-point pollution and to improve the water quality of six lakes and the water entering into these lakes; ②To improve the hydrological conditions of six lakes; ③To rehabilitate the aquatic ecosystem and waterfront areas. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(11): 3019–3027[译自: 生态学报]     

工艺安全管理系统的发展现状及建议

介绍工艺安全管理的发展历程、关键要素及各要素在企业不同生命周期的应用,总结国外发达国家的相关法规及实施工艺安全管理后重大事故发生概率的变化,对我国工艺安全管理提出建议。     

共存物及其投加方式对Tween 80 在中砂上吸附损失的影响

通过静态吸附实验,研究了25℃条件下,表面活性剂冲洗液Tween 80在中砂上的吸附,以及CaCl2、SDS和木质素磺酸盐(木质素磺酸钠和木质素磺酸铵)对其吸附量的影响.结果表明,向Tween 80溶液中加入CaCl2和SDS都可以显著增加其吸附量.投加量越多,吸附量越大,当投加量达到一定程度后,吸附达到饱和,不会继续增大.SDS以预吸附的方式注入同样会导致Tween 80吸附量升高.而木质素磺酸盐与Tween 80共混则可大大降低Tween 80的吸附量.随着投加量的增加,Tween 80吸附量明显下降.在低投加比例(1:10)时,木质索磺酸铵效果较好,可以减少20%-75%的吸附量.而木质素磺酸钠只能减少10%-60%.当投加较高比例(1:2)时,两者都口1以明显降低Tween 80的吸附量,可达70%-90%.而采用木质素磺酸盐预吸附的方式注入的效果较混合注入要好,相同投加最的情况下,所降低Tween 80的吸附量是混合注入时的1.2-1.8倍.因此.在表面活性剂原位冲洗过程中用木质素磺酸盐进行预冲洗,能够减少表面活性剂吸附量,降低冲洗成本,可以作为原位冲洗过程中降低吸附损失的一种手段.     

生物膜法应用于海河流域湿地生态系统健康评价展望

海河流域是我国人为干扰最为强烈的流域之一,流域内许多湿地的结构功能受损严重,鱼类、底栖生物、大型水生植物缺失,因此鱼类、底栖生物完整性指数(F-IBI,B-IBI)不适用于严重受损的湿地健康评价,在流域尺度上应用具有局限性,而生物膜广泛存在于任何水体中,可以用于流域尺度的湿地健康评价.本文根据生物完整性指数理论,在生物膜基本特征和人为干扰对生物膜的效应机制分析基础上,分析了生物膜评价湿地健康研究进展,探讨了生物膜方法应用于强人为干扰下海河流域湿地生态系统健康评价的可行性和应用前景.并从生物膜整合、尺度转换、健康标准制定、主要影响因子和装置与方法改进5个方面对生物膜法应用于海河流域湿地健康评价进行了展望,以期为海河流域的生态修复和环境管理提供新的思路和方法.