Ecosystem health assessment of urban rivers and lakes-Case study of "the six lakes" in Beijing,China

The assessment of the ecosystem health of urban rivers and lakes is the scientific basis for their management and ecological restoration. This study developed a three-level indicator system for its assessment. The results indicated that: Zhonghai and Nanhai are in the state of transition from unhealthy to critical state and all the other lakes are in unhealthy states. Water environmental quality, structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem, and the structure of waterfront areas were the constraints. Nanhai was ranked as poor and the others were all ranked as very poor. However, the ecological environment of Zhonghai and Nanhai were better than the others, the sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state were all close to 0.6. and the restorations of these lakes were moderate. The sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state of the other lakes were under 0.3, as it was difficult to restore these lakes. Some suggestions on scientific management and ecological restoration of the six lakes were proposed: ①To control non-point pollution and to improve the water quality of six lakes and the water entering into these lakes; ②To improve the hydrological conditions of six lakes; ③To rehabilitate the aquatic ecosystem and waterfront areas. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(11): 3019–3027[译自: 生态学报]     

工艺安全管理系统的发展现状及建议

介绍工艺安全管理的发展历程、关键要素及各要素在企业不同生命周期的应用,总结国外发达国家的相关法规及实施工艺安全管理后重大事故发生概率的变化,对我国工艺安全管理提出建议。     

共存物及其投加方式对Tween 80 在中砂上吸附损失的影响

通过静态吸附实验,研究了25℃条件下,表面活性剂冲洗液Tween 80在中砂上的吸附,以及CaCl2、SDS和木质素磺酸盐(木质素磺酸钠和木质素磺酸铵)对其吸附量的影响.结果表明,向Tween 80溶液中加入CaCl2和SDS都可以显著增加其吸附量.投加量越多,吸附量越大,当投加量达到一定程度后,吸附达到饱和,不会继续增大.SDS以预吸附的方式注入同样会导致Tween 80吸附量升高.而木质素磺酸盐与Tween 80共混则可大大降低Tween 80的吸附量.随着投加量的增加,Tween 80吸附量明显下降.在低投加比例(1:10)时,木质索磺酸铵效果较好,可以减少20%-75%的吸附量.而木质素磺酸钠只能减少10%-60%.当投加较高比例(1:2)时,两者都口1以明显降低Tween 80的吸附量,可达70%-90%.而采用木质素磺酸盐预吸附的方式注入的效果较混合注入要好,相同投加最的情况下,所降低Tween 80的吸附量是混合注入时的1.2-1.8倍.因此.在表面活性剂原位冲洗过程中用木质素磺酸盐进行预冲洗,能够减少表面活性剂吸附量,降低冲洗成本,可以作为原位冲洗过程中降低吸附损失的一种手段.     

生物膜法应用于海河流域湿地生态系统健康评价展望

海河流域是我国人为干扰最为强烈的流域之一,流域内许多湿地的结构功能受损严重,鱼类、底栖生物、大型水生植物缺失,因此鱼类、底栖生物完整性指数(F-IBI,B-IBI)不适用于严重受损的湿地健康评价,在流域尺度上应用具有局限性,而生物膜广泛存在于任何水体中,可以用于流域尺度的湿地健康评价.本文根据生物完整性指数理论,在生物膜基本特征和人为干扰对生物膜的效应机制分析基础上,分析了生物膜评价湿地健康研究进展,探讨了生物膜方法应用于强人为干扰下海河流域湿地生态系统健康评价的可行性和应用前景.并从生物膜整合、尺度转换、健康标准制定、主要影响因子和装置与方法改进5个方面对生物膜法应用于海河流域湿地健康评价进行了展望,以期为海河流域的生态修复和环境管理提供新的思路和方法.     

预处理-IC-氧化沟-气浮工艺处理再生纸废水

介绍了预处理-IC-氧化沟-气浮工艺在再生纸废水处理工程中的应用。工程运行结果表明:该系统处理效果好、性能稳定、维护管理方便,出水pH为7.39～7.52,COD为57.6～58.7 mg/L,BOD5为12.5～15.8 mg/L,SS为18～19 mg/L,出水水质达GB3544—2008《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》表1标准;通过制浆回收和废水再生循环利用,降低了运行成本;对同类型造纸废水的治理有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于风险的压缩天然气加气站安全距离研究

首次以个体自然死亡概率为基础,确定个体风险标准,提出压缩天然气加气站关键设备与暴露目标之间安全距离确定方法的基本原则在此基础上,根据泄漏模式确定关键设备泄漏频率,采用几何风险消减因子对泄漏频率进行修正,选出需要计算安全距离的关键设备,按照伤害准则,确定关键设备发生危险场景的安全距离.     

湖北网湖自然保护区生态质量评价

湖北网湖自然保护区属于内陆湿地和水域生态系统类型的自然保护区。根据网湖自然保护区的特征,通过选取自然性、多样性、稀有性、代表性、面积适应性、人类干扰、稳定性7个评价指标,运用指标赋分法和加权平均分法进行生态质量综合评价。结果表明,该保护区生态质量很好,气候适宜,动植物种类丰富,并且由于该区域目前经济处于初步发展中,人为干扰对其影响较小,因此短期内其生态环境质量会相对稳定,具有很高的保护和研究价值。同时针对网湖湿地目前所存在的威胁以及国家在治理和恢复其他湿地保护区的经验,提出了几点关于网湖湿地建设和远景开发规划的建议。     

弥苴河口湿地植物残体与底泥资源化利用研究

应用双室堆沤肥技术,以弥苴河口湿地植物残体、湿地底泥和当地养殖业废物制成双室堆沤肥,按不同配比设计5种施肥处理方案进行还田试验。对比研究施肥前后的蔬菜产量、蔬菜品质、土壤肥力以及土壤根际微生物,发现:方案A[50%～60%植物残体(收割物)+40%～50%养殖业废物+微生物菌剂(3 kg/t),活性液体肥作追肥,农药同习惯施肥]对增加蔬菜产量、提高蔬菜品质、增加土壤肥力和改善土壤微生态环境效果最好。在实际应用中也可适当增加1 0%～20%的湿地底泥,相应减少养殖业废物量。     

Risk Assessment of Carbon Sequestration for Terrestrial Ecosystems in China

Abstract

Climate change will alter the capacity of carbon sequestration, and the risk assessment of carbon sequestration for terrestrial ecosystems will be helpful to the decision-making for climate change countermeasures and international climate negotiations. Based on the net ecosystem productivity of terrestrial ecosystems simulated by Atmosphere Vegetation Integrated Model, each grid of the risk criterion was set by time series trend analysis. Then the risks of carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems were investigated. The results show that, in the IPCCSRES-B2 climate scenario, climate change will bring risks of carbon sequestration, and the high-risk level will dominate terrestrial ecosystems. The risk would expand with the increase of warming degree. By the end of the long-term of this century, about 60% of the whole country will face the risk; Northwest China, mountainous areas in Northeast China, middle and lower reaches plain of Yangtze River areas, Southwest China and Southeast China tend to be extremely vulnerable. Risk levels in most regions are likely to grow with the increase of warming degree, and this increase will mainly occur during the near-term to mid-term. Northwest China will become an area of high risks, and deciduous coniferous forests, temperate mixed forests and desert grassland tend to be extremely vulnerable.     

不同龄级南川木波罗幼苗生物量及分配格局

以不同龄级（1~5年生）南川木波罗幼苗为研究对象,研究其生物量及分配,并利用苗高（H）、基径（D）及HD2估测单株木及其器官生物量的适合模型。结果表明：（1）随着苗龄的增加,单株生物量及各器官生物量随之增加,其中枝生物量增加幅度最大;（2）地上部分各器官生物量分配率表现为：干生物量>叶生物量>枝生物量;（3）地下部分各龄级根系生物量分配以主根和粗根为主,表现为：主根>粗根>细根,地上部分生物量分配率高于地下部分,并最后趋于稳定;（4）以基径(D)作为自变量优于利用株高(H)和HD2建立生物量预测模型,并且多以幂函数为最佳,建立的生物量预测模型中,除细根生物量预测模型较差外,其它预测模型效果都较好,相关系数均达到极显著水平,表明利用本文建立的估测南川木波罗各器官生物量模型是可行的