疏勒河流域天然水质研究及水环境保护

疏勒河流域河水的化学组成虽不尽相同,但大部分河段阴离子中以HCO3-占优势,阳离子中以Ca2+为主。以每升水中的毫克浓度为单位,阴离子HCO3->Cl->SO42-,阳离子Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+;只有党河下游段敦煌所采水样则是HCO3->Cl->SO42-,Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+。按照水文地质学的常用方法,根据每升水中主要阴、阳离子的浓度,将河水分为3种类型押重碳酸盐类、硫酸盐类和氯化物类熏但大部分河段属重碳酸盐类。根据取样测试,河水的总矿化度值256.12～413.74mg/l,河水总硬度变化在3.37～7.16me/l之间,其总碱度值2.62～4.25me/l。文章还对疏勒河流域河水中微量元素的含量进行了分析、研究,对水质状况进行了评价并提出了水环境保护的意见和措施。     

华北地区土壤中硫的赋存特征

主要讨论了华北地区土壤中硫的分布及赋存特征，结果表明华北地区不同省市土壤中硫的含量有差异；土壤中硫的含量与土壤类型及土母质等有一定关系，土壤中不同形态硫的含量结果表明，尽管该地区土壤中总硫在大部分土壤中含量较高，但植物有效硫的含量相对较低，土壤中的硫主要是以难溶无机硫和有机硫形式存在。     

A comparative investigation of NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) and Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CU_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) (x: 0-0.4) for NO decomposition

A series of single-phase T-structured NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) with oxygen vacancies and T'-structured Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)Cu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) (x:0-0.4) with oxygen excess were prepared using ultrasound-assisted citric acid complexing method, and characterized by means of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and NO temperature-progranuned desorption (NO-TPD). The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for the decomposition of NO. It was found that the NdSrCut_xCoxO4_b catalysts were of oxygen vacancies whereas the Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CU_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) ones possessed excessive oxygen (i.e., over-stoichiometric oxygen); with a rise in Co doping level,the oxygen vacancy density of NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) decreased while the over-stoichiometric oxygen amount of Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CU_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ)increased. The NO-TPD results revealed that NO could be activated much easier over the oxygen-deficient perovskite-like oxides than over the oxygen-excessive perovskite-like oxides, with the NdSrCuO_(3.702) catalyst showing the best efficiency in activating NO molecules. Under the conditions of 1.0% NO/helium, 2800 hr~(-1), and 600-900℃, the catalytic activity of NO decomposition followed the order of NdSrCuO_(3.702)> NdSrCu_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(3.736) > NdSrCu_(0.6)Co_(0.4)O_(3.789) > Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)Cu_(0.6)Co_(0.4)O_(4.187)> Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)Cu_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(4.104)> Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CuO_(4.045), in concord with the sequence of decreasing oxygen vacancy or oxygen excess density. Based on the results, we concluded that the higher oxygen vacancy density and the stronger Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+) redox ability of NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) account for the easier activation of NO and consequently improve the catalytic activity of NO decomposition over the catalysts.     

西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区土壤环境背景值研究

中国科学院登山科学考察队于1983—1984年对西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区进行了多学科的考察和样品的采集工作.本文所述工作为其中的土壤环境背景值研究部分.经实地垂直和水平布点采样并经实验室测定,得到南迦巴瓦峰地区不同土类中20种元素的含量、主要土类的物理化学组成及其与母质的关系,并探讨了各元素的地球化学性质.结果表明,南峰地区表土中各元素含量普遍高于底土,利用统计学方法确定了该区土壤元素含量背景值.     

秦淮河流域沿岸居民环境责任意识研究调查

环境意识作为一种社会意识和价值观念,引导着人类在生产生活中对待环境的态度和行为。本文对秦淮河流域沿岸居民关于环境意识的调查,运用SPSS软件分析,结果表明:居民环境责任意识与利益关注对环境态度和环境保护行为显著正向影响,居民环境态度对环境行为显著正向影响;居民的环境意识与环境行为存在明显不一致性;居民在日常生活上是浅层次的环境保护型环境意识,环保行为上为政府依赖型,居民对环境问题认识的基本驱动力是利益关系;人口统计特征变量在不同假设路径中均存在显著性差异。     

鲢鳙放养水平对淀山湖浮游植物群落影响的围隔实验

在淀山湖进行放养不同密度鲢、鳙的围隔实验（密度水平梯度设置为0、40、80和120 g/m3）,探索鲢、鳙的现场控藻效果。结果表明,实验后期（8—9月）,鲢、鳙放养密度为80 g/m3和120 g/m3的围隔对叶绿素a的去除效果显著（P〈0.05）;且放养密度为80 g/m3的围隔蓝藻比例降幅最明显。鲢、鳙对较大个体藻...     

Variation in Cd accumulation among radish cultivars and identification of low-Cd cultivars

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metals have serious health consequences and ecosystem impacts. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of cadmium (Cd)...     

梵净山自然保护区基岩的天然γ辐射水平

梵净山自然保护区地表和深部２６种基岩的γ辐射值为７．４ｘ１０－８－１６．７ｘ－８ＧＹ·ｈ－１。讨论了该区基岩的γ辐射水平及分布的主要特点。