Urbanization,unemployment rate and China’ rising divorce rate

This paper analyzes the impacts of urbanization and unemployment rate on China’s divorce rate with the panel data of 31 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2011. The study manifests as follows. First, the significant influence of urbanization cannot be observed on the rising breakdown since the latter is not the inevitable result of the former. In the second place, unemployment rate has a significant negative influence on divorce rate, namely, with the former increasing, the latter will decrease, which echoes the perspective of divorce cost. And finally, this paper also finds positive effects of per capita fixed investment, old-age dependency rate, average household size, the proportion of floating population and population density, and negative correlation of average education attainment on divorce rate.     

Analysis of BIM application relationship with integration degree of construction environment

As the world pays more attention to low-earbon and sustainable development,there’s a growing trend in architecture,engineering and construction fields to construct greener,more energy efficient and more sustainable buildings with the help of building information modeling(BIM).As BIM application becomes popular in industry,more and more scholars and engineers point out that an integrated construction environment is better for BIM’s fully functional capability.This paper illustrates the relationship between BIM application and an integrated construction environment based on case survey data.It is found that even though an integration construction environment is not necessary in BIM application,the statistical results showed that DBB(design-bid-build)and CM(construction management)modes have great differences in BIM’s application implementation scope and implementation deepness,while DB and CM modes do not.     

Model Modification and Application on Carrying Capacity of Relative Resources

Abstract

Based on the retrospection of researches on carrying capacity, this article reviewed systematically the research progresses on carrying capacity of relative resources (CCRR). Then the viewpoint was put forward that CCRR is not an appropriate method of appraising the regional sustainability, but a sound way to obtain cognition for coordinating spatial location and flow of population and economy. However, as the most popular computing method of CCRR, the Weighting Linear Sum Model is defective in the random of weight choice and the neglect of matching among different resources. Therefore, this article established the Geometric Model on CCRR based on modifying Weighting Linear Sum Model, which can be used to appraise regions where resources are close matching. Employing the Geometric Model, the article empirically analyzed the population and economic CCRR in Hubei Province from 1978 to 2006. The result indicates that the population in Hubei Province is overloading while the economic carrying capacity is abundant compared to the whole country, and the economic insufficiency restricts the population carrying capacity. In the future, Hubei Province will become one of the core developing zones which are characterized by economic conglomeration.     

高速铁路对沿线地区可达性的影响研究——以皖北地区为例

区域交通可达性的改变是高速铁路对区域发展的最直接影响。在GIS技术的支持下,以皖北地区为实证研究对象,利用日常可达性、加权平均时间等指标分析了在有无高铁两种情景下皖北地区的可达性空间格局变化。结果表明:高铁开通后,皖北区域内部可达性和区域外部可达性均获得了较大提升,但区外可达性的改善要优于区内可达性;皖北整体可达性空间格局没有因高铁发生大的改变,可达性空间分布呈现的区域交通主干道指向性特征在高铁通车后更为明显;可达性改善的地区分布并不均匀,不同地区可达性受惠程度不一,皖北整体以及各城市内部的可达性均衡性程度都在降低,两极分化趋势在加剧。     

中国经济发展与水环境压力脱钩态势评价与展望

在对经济发展的水环境压力概念进行合理界定基础上,建立经济发展与水环境压力的脱钩指标体系。通过国内外相关文献研究与数据收集,构建了中国经济发展与水环境压力的脱钩潜力评价与时态分析模型,评价1986~2010年水利发展不同阶段中国经济总量增长与废水排放的脱钩潜力与脱钩时态、以及经济总量增长与工业废水化学需氧量的脱钩时态。在此基础上,根据水环境库茨涅茨曲线变化趋势,对我国废水排放总量的自然发展趋势进行预测,并根据国家发展规划对废水排放总量预测结果进行修正。同时,结合国家发展规划和环境保护规划,对水环境压力脱钩进行展望。结果表明,我国经济发展与废水排放总量总体处于弱脱钩发展态势、与工业废水化学需氧量排放总量总体处于强脱钩发展态势。预计2020年左右,我国经济发展与水环境压力有望保持绝对脱钩的发展态势,水环境得到彻底改善与净化     

Psychosocial and Ergonomic Factors,and Their Relation to Musculoskeletal Complaints in the Swedish Workforce

A random sample of 1 000 subjects (20–65 years old) from the national population of Sweden received a questionnaire; 70% (n = 695) replied, of whom 532 were occupationally active. Female gender, working with neck and/or body bent forward, arms above shoulders, and precision work tasks were predictors of musculoskeletal symptoms. Neck, shoulder, and upper back symptoms were more common in a strained situation at work (high demands, low control) (adjusted odds ratios [adjOR] 2.76, 2.80, and 2.26, respectively). Among females, neck and shoulder symptoms were more common in an iso-strain situation (high demands, low control and low social support) (adjOR 4.43 and 3.69, respectively), and low back symptoms were more common at low social support combined with a passive work situation (adjOR 3.35). No associations were found between iso-strain model and symptoms among males. In conclusion, iso-strain work situation was associated with neck symptoms among females, even when controlling for ergonomic factors.     

MFC处理持久性有毒污染物的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cells,MFC)是利用微生物电化学催化作用,将有机物中的化学能直接转变为电能的一类装置.近年来,利用MFC处理污(废)水中持久性有毒污染物(Persisnt Toxic Substances,PTS)的研究表明,在净化废水的同时还可以产生清洁电能,具有良好的研究开发潜力.简要介绍了MFC的基本原理,评述国内外利用MFC技术处理持久性有毒污染物的研究进展,并展望了研究前景.     

资源型城市技术、制度与产业演化研究综述

从探究产业演化的动力机制出发,对国内外有关资源型城市中技术、制度与产业演化的关系研究进行了梳理。结果表明,大多数资源型城市问题源于对技术和制度的抑制,以及产业结构的锁定,突破现状的根本动力是促进技术创新和制度创新。建议针对资源型城市全生命周期特征进行三者间正反馈效应等协同演化机制及相关研究,以期为我国资源型城市发展的理论、实践和决策研究提供借鉴。     

From pioneering to organised business: the development of ecological farming in China

ABSTRACT

Small-scale ecological farming and their associated alternative food networks, are increasingly important in China, as a response to poor farm incomes and as a contribution to widespread concerns about environmental degradation and food safety. However, despite the enormous market potential and the notable success of some ventures, this type of farming remains at the margins, with many businesses struggling to develop beyond their start-up phase and consumers struggling to build confidence in the new produce and routes to market. Many of these farms display the classic elements of pioneer businesses, including high reliance on charismatic individuals, insecure land rights, high transaction and monitoring costs and fragile routes to market. Empirically, many of these businesses fail because they cannot grow out of the pioneer phase before the pioneer grows tired of the business. While this is a problem for all small businesses, it is particularly acute in business sectors like ecological farming in China, where there is little evidence of suitable and sustainable developmental models. Using Bernardus Lievegoed's work on organisational development applied to two case study farms, we suggest that there are Western developmental models that are applicable to small-scale ecological farming and that have the potential to offer insights into how this might be achieved with Chinese characteristics. We conclude by arguing that, Chinese ecological farms have to plan explicitly for a form of development that allows them to remain committed to their ideals while moving them away from dependence on charismatic people, family labour and volatile customer bases.