锶—89在珍珠岩中吸附的研究

研究了不同粒径的珍珠岩对＾８９Ｓｒ的吸附。结果表明，珍珠岩对＾８９Ｓｒ具有较强的吸附能力，饱和吸附率大于９５％；通过振荡能加速珍珠岩对＾８９Ｓｒ的吸附；珍珠岩对＾８９Ｓｒ的吸附率与时间关系由多项指数描述；不同粒径的珍珠岩对＾８９Ｓｒ的吸附率没有明显差异。     

粉末活性炭对膜过滤性能的影响

向一体式膜生物反应器中投加粉末活性炭(PAC),可以显著提高膜的过滤性能,有效缓解膜的污染.研究结果表明:投加PAC的吸附作用减少了由于胞外聚合物(EPS)而引起的膜污染;膜表面PAC颗粒的存在减小了浓差极化层的厚度和水力边界层的厚度,提高了过滤物质的传递速率;膜表面形成的PAC层还可过滤微生物和胶体颗粒,减少了它们到达膜表面的数量.     

Characteristics of molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic matter in bromide-containing water and disinfection by-product formation properties during treatment processes

The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bromide ion concentration have a significant influence on the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). In order to identify the main DBP precursors, DOM was divided into five fractions based on molecular weight (MW), trihalomethane formation potential and haloacetic acid formation potential were determined for fractions, and the change in contents of different fractions and total DBPs during treatment processes (pre-chlorination, coagulation, sand filtration, disinfection) were studied. Moreover, the relationship between bromide concentration and DBP generation characteristics in processes was also analyzed. The results showed that the main DBP precursors were the fraction with MW < 1 kDa and fraction with MW 3−10 kDa, and the DBP''s generation ability of lower molecular weight DOM (< 10 kDa) was higher than that of higher molecular weight DOM. During different processes, pre-chlorination and disinfection had limited effect on removing organics but could alter the MW distribution, and coagulation and filtration could effectively remove organics with higher MW. For DBPs, trihalomethanes (THMs) were mainly generated in pre-chlorination and disinfection, while haloacetic acids (HAAs) were mostly generated during pre-chlorination; coagulation and sand filtration had little effect on THMs but resulted in a slight removal of HAAs. In addition, the results of ANOVA tests suggested that molecular sizes and treatment processes have significant influence on DBP formation. With increasing bromide concentration, the brominated DBPs significantly increased, but the bromine incorporation factor in the processes was basically consistent at each concentration.     

Performance and mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by zero-valent iron loaded onto expanded graphite

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was loaded on expanded graphite (EG) to produce a composite material (EG-ZVI) for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). EG and EG-ZVI were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. EG-ZVI had a high specific surface area and contained sub-micron sized particles of zero-valent iron. Batch experiments were employed to evaluate the Cr(VI) removal performance. The results showed that the Cr(VI) removal rate was 98.80% for EG-ZVI, which was higher than that for both EG (10.00%) and ZVI (29.80%). Furthermore, the removal rate of Cr(VI) by EG-ZVI showed little dependence on solution pH within a pH range of 1–9. Even at pH 11, a Cr(VI) removal rate of 62.44% was obtained after reaction for 1 hr. EG-ZVI could enhance the removal of Cr(VI) via chemical reduction and physical adsorption, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the mechanisms of Cr(VI) removal, which indicated that the ZVI loaded on the surface was oxidized, and the removed Cr(VI) was immobilized via the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide and Cr(III)–Fe(III) hydroxide/oxyhydroxide on the surface of EG-ZVI.     

Aluminum formate (AF): Synthesis, characterization and application in dye wastewater treatment

Aluminum formate (AF), a degradable and non-corrosive coagulant, was synthesized from aluminum hydroxide and formic acid. Polyamidine (PA), as a coagulation aid, was combined with AF for dye wastewater treatment. AF was characterized by XPS, FT-IR, viscosity, zeta potential, mass spectrum and XRD, and the flocculation properties of the dual-coagulation system were characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The results showed that COOH, Al₂O₃-Al and O₂-Al bonds were formed in the AF synthesis process, and AF had a higher molecular weight and higher charge neutralization ability than PAC. The hydrolysates of AF were determined to contain Al₁₃ Al₁₁ and Al₂, and the components of AF were confirmed to comprise a mixture including aluminum formate (C₃H₃AlO₆) and its hydrate. When the color removal efficiency reached 100% in jar tests, the optimized dosage of AF/PA was 18.91/0.71 mg/L, while the optimized dosage of PAC/PA was 21.19/0.91 mg/L. According to the variance analysis, the interaction between AF/PA and PAC/PA were insignificant in macroscopic view. FT-IR spectrum indicated AF captured pollutant by means of CCO bond, PAC captured pollutant by δ CH, CC and δ CH. Overall, although the coagulation mechanism of AF was different from that of PAC, AF/PA showed better coagulation efficiency than PAC/PA in dye wastewater treatment.     

新排放标准下燃煤电厂除尘工艺模糊综合评判

用模糊综合评判法对能满足新排放标准的几种较成熟的除尘工艺进行评价,选择环保、技术、经济3类指标构成除尘二级模糊评判的因素集。基于MATLAB软件,选用"add-product"算子进行计算。评价结果认为,新排放标准下新建燃煤电厂选择除尘工艺时,优先考虑高频电源电除尘器。     

外循环厌氧反应器的工艺特征与运行性能研究

将UASB反应器多点进水装置进行改造,设计独特的变速旋流配水装置,具有配水均匀,混合效果好,不会产生短流的特点。研究结果表明,旋流配水装置容积利用率高,外循环能耗小,布水均匀性良好;中温条件下外循环反应器处理模拟啤酒配水,进水COD浓度为2000mg／L～3000mg／L,容积负荷可以达到22．7kgCOD／m^3·d,COD去除率最高可达92．46％。     

甜菜制糖生产废水处理技术研究

甜菜制糖工业废水由于其流量大、有机物浓度高、且季节性生产的特点,使得污水处理工艺难以按照常规方式进行。本研究选择适合北方地区特点、运行费用低、再启动快捷的水解-好氧-化学氧化-混凝沉淀的处理工艺,将生化与物化方法相结合,最后达到理想的效果,也为同类型工业污水的处理提供参考经验。     

小城镇污水处理厂升级改造技术分析

随着城镇化进程加快,经济快速发展的同时严重的环境污染问题随之出现,主要表现在小城镇污水处理率较低,各地区发展不平衡等方面。因此对小城镇的污水处理厂的升级改造势在必行。根据小城镇工业污水的特征及处理要求,提出了几种易于在小城镇推广的经济、高效、节能和简便易行的污水处理改造工艺。针对江阴市小城镇污水集中处理水质特点及工艺的进行研究,根据新的排放标准,提出与改造相应的技术组合思考,达到进一步改善小城镇污水处理效率的目的。     

FIA技术在水质监测分析中的应用

通过使用Lachat流动注射分析仪测定环境水样中的四个常规项目总磷、总氮、挥发酚和总氰来介绍兀A技术在水质分析领域的应用。实验结果表明,各项目的标样测定值均在保证值范围之内,相对标准偏差在0．2％-3．7％之间。方法的精密度及准确度较好,加标回收率在91％-102％之间,满足水质监测实验室质量控制的要求。