《花卉学》课程实践教学体系初探

实践教学是高等职业技术教育的培养目标,也是高等职业技术教育的优势.本文主要探讨《花卉学》专业课程实践教学体系的结构、实践教学基地建设和专业课程实践教学体系的实施办法.     

炼油厂轻污染水回用试验研究

针对某炼油厂轻污染废水水质情况，选用了BAF（生物曝气滤池）工艺＋SF（砂滤）工艺对该废水进行净化处理。通过试验研究，得到了BAF工艺合适的运行参数，取得了满意的试验结果。经BAF工艺处理后，出水COD和油平均浓度分别为9.78mg／L和0.24mg／L，再经SF工艺进一步去除SS后，出水SS平均浓度为3．8mg／L，系统处理出水完全达到工业回用水水质要求。试验证明：BAF工艺是一种高效的处理方法，适合炼油厂轻污染水的净化处理。     

气态有机物组成对生物过滤及菌体密度的影响

以堆肥-火山灰为填料的生物过滤器连续处理含甲苯、乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的气体,观测生物过滤效果和填料的菌系状态变化.结果表明:在甲苯和乙酸乙酯共存的条件下,生物过滤器优先去除乙酸乙酯;当进气中同时存在甲苯、乙酸乙酯和异丙醇时,优先去除乙酸乙酯和异丙醇.填料中各种微生物的菌体密度与过滤去除的有机物组成和浓度有关.霉菌和酵母菌竞争利用乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的能力较强,放线菌和细菌对甲苯的竞争利用能力较强.进气中高浓度的有机物会使填料中的菌体密度增大.在处理甲苯、乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的生物过滤器的各段填料中,菌体密度按细菌、霉菌、酵母菌、放线菌的顺序而降低. 图 1表 3参 17     

沈阳市大气颗粒物的特征

本文根据沈阳市环境监测及科学研究的有关信息，简要综述了沈阳市区大气颗粒物的污染水平、物理和化学性质及针对性的防治颗粒物污染的建议。     

沙堆实验研究三峡库区典型水域环境的水华污染行为

基于自组织临界性理论，设计和实施了具有真实物理意义的沙堆实验，结合三峡库区典型流域多年来富营养污染和水华爆发的现场监测资料，研究了缓流水系综合营养指数的变化趋势，描述了水华爆发／消退过程的自组织临界性行为。将沙堆实验统计数据中符合自组织临界性规律的普适性因子：沙堆底盘直径D、沙粒长度三、沙粒半径r和沙粒密度ρ等，与富营养污染流域中导致水华爆发的非线性耗散型控制函数相关联，从而有可能通过不同情况下沙堆崩塌的难易程度、频度和规模来发现、描述和确定水华爆发的内在机制和演化过程。沙堆实验的数值分析结果与这些典型流域水华发生过程的周期振荡行为和变化规律具有较好的一致性。     

运用模糊数学评价西岭雪山风景名胜区环境质量的研究

本文根据西岭雪山风景区的生态环境特征，选择了四种环境要素和若干参数，对八个采样带及全景区，运用模糊数学方法进行综合评价研究。     

The acute toxicity of bisphenol A and lignin-derived bisphenol in algae,daphnids, and Japanese medaka

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Risk assessing newly synthesized chemicals prior to their applications is extremely important, if we want to ensure substitution of risky chemicals...     

Greenhouse gas emissions from dairy open lot and manure stockpile in northern China: A case study

The open lots and manure stockpiles of dairy farm are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in typical dairy cow housing and manure management system in China. GHG (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O) emissions from the ground level of brick-paved open lots and uncovered manure stockpiles were estimated according to the field measurements of a typical dairy farm in Beijing by closed chambers in four consecutive seasons. Location variation and manure removal strategy impacts were assessed on GHG emissions from the open lots. Estimated CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O emissions from the ground level of the open lots were 137.5±64.7 kg hd^-1 yr^-1, 0.45±0.21 kg hd^-1 yr^-1 and 0.13±0.08 kg hd^-1 yr^-1, respectively. There were remarkable location variations of GHG emissions from different zones (cubicle zone vs. aisle zone) of the open lot. However, the emissions from the whole open lot were less affected by the locations. After manure removal, lower CH₄ but higher N₂O emitted from the open lot. Estimated CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O emissions from stockpile with a stacking height of 55±12 cm were 858.9±375.8 kg hd^-1 yr^-1, 8.5±5.4 kg hd^-1 yr^-1 and 2.3±1.1 kg hd^-1 yr^-1, respectively. In situ storage duration, which estimated by manure volatile solid contents (VS), would affect GHG emissions from stockpiles. Much higher N₂O was emitted from stockpiles in summer due to longer manure storage.

Implications: This study deals with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from open lots and stockpiles. It’s an increasing area of concern in some livestock producing countries. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology is commonly used for estimation of national GHG emission inventories. There is a shortage of on-farm information to evaluate the accuracy of these equations and default emission factors. This work provides valuable information for improving accounting practices within China or for similar manure management practice in other countries.     

Occurrence and distribution of triclosan in the German Bight (North Sea)

The potential of triclosan (TCS) acting as an endocrine disruptor has led to growing concern about the presence of TCS in the environment. In this study, seawater samples were collected from the German Bight during sampling campaigns conducted with the German research ships Gauss and Ludwig Prandtl. TCS was determined both in the dissolved phase and in the suspended particulate matters with concentrations ranging 0.8-6870 pg L⁻¹ and <1-95 pg L⁻¹, respectively. High concentrations of TCS were present in the estuaries of the Elbe and the Weser, indicating significant input of TCS by the river discharge. The correlation coefficient (R²) between the dissolved concentration and salinity was 0.79 for the data obtained from the Gauss cruise, showing an obvious declining trend from the coast to the open sea.     

华南地区薇甘菊叶片挥发性有机化合物的空间差异研究

外来入侵植物薇甘菊对华南地区的生态环境造成严重危害,为探讨薇甘菊叶片挥发性有机化合物在华南地区的空间差异,运用GC-MS分析了华南地区23个不同地理种群230个薇甘菊植株叶片挥发性有机化合物的组分,并用峰面积归一化法计算各组分相对含量;利用线性混合模型分析不同地理种群的气候环境因素对薇甘菊叶片挥发性有机化合物含量的影响;采用聚类分析和主成分分析23个不同地理种群薇甘菊叶片挥发性有机化合物组分的特征。结果表明:利用GC-MS从薇甘菊叶片中鉴定了42种挥发性有机化合物,其主要成分为β-荜澄茄油烯(24.63%)、β-石竹烯(16.81%)、大香叶烯D(10.47%)、α-古芸烯(9.95%)和α-姜烯(9.77%);线性混合模型分析结果显示经度、纬度、海拔高度和温度可显著影响薇甘菊叶片中5种主要挥发性有机化合物的含量;聚类分析和主成分分析表明薇甘菊叶片挥发性有机化合物组分表现出较强的地域特征。研究结果可为阐明薇甘菊的入侵机制及防控措施的制定提供理论与实践参考。