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601.
A pilot biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with ZX02 fibrous balls as packing material was tested for the treatment of ammonia (NH3) released from a composting plant of dairy manure. In order to investigate the effects of three compost aeration modes (mode Co-I, Co-II and In-II) on the NH3 removal efficiency, a field experiment was continuously carried out for more than eight months. The results demonstrated that under the intermittent aeration mode (In-II), the NH3 removal efficiency reached 99.2 ± 0.1% when the inlet NH3 concentration was 7.5-32.3 mg m−3 (9.8-42.5 ppmv). The maximum and critical elimination capacity of the biotrickling filter was 22.6 and 4.9 g NH3 m−3 h−1, respectively. The effluent concentration of NH3 was lower than 1.0 mg m−3, which meets the first class discharge standards of GB14554-93. When the concentration of free ammonia in the trickling liquid was varied from 0.1 to 0.4 mg L−1, the nitrification yield was between 47.9% and 103.8%. In addition, the optimum liquid tricking velocity (LTV) of the biotrickling filter was 0.5 m3 m−2 h−1 for low inlet concentrations and 2.2 m3 m−2 h−1 for high inlet concentrations. Therefore, the use of the biotrickling filter for the compost under the third aeration mode (In-II) yielded an effective optimum NH3 removal and reduced the nitrogen loss in the compost. 相似文献
602.
Occurrence of phthalate esters in water and sediment of urban lakes in a subtropical city, Guangzhou, South China 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Extensive use of phthalate esters (PAEs) in both industrial processes and consumer products has resulted in the ubiquitous presence of these chemicals in the environment. This study reports the first data on the concentrations of 16 phthalate esters (PAEs) in water and sediments of the urban lakes in Guangzhou City. PAEs were detected in all samples analyzed, mainly originating from urban stormwater runoff, atmospheric deposition, as well as untreated discharge of industrial wastewater and municipal sewage. The Sigma(16)PAEs concentrations in water and sediments ranged from 1.69 to 4.72 microg L(-1) and 2.27 to 74.94 microg g(-1)-dry weight (dw), with the mean concentrations of 2.91 microg L(-1) and 20.85 microg g(-1)-dw, respectively, which indicates that sediment is a significant sink for PAEs. Variability of the Sigma 16PAEs concentrations in water and sediment in the urban lakes was almost consistent. The spatial distribution of PAEs was site-specific. Of the 16 PAEs, DMP, DEP, DnBP, DiBP, DMPP, and DEHP were present in all water and sediment samples. DnBP was abundant in water (53.0-81.2%), while no single dominant congener was found in sediments. The abundances of DiBP were similar to those of DEHP, and DiBP and DEHP collectively accounted for 77.2-97.6% of the Sigma 16PAEs concentrations. Congener specific analysis confirmed that DnBP was a predictive indicator for the dissolved summation operator16 PAEs concentration (correlation coefficient r=0.968, p<0.01), and that DiBP was a predictive indicator for the sediment summation operator16 PAEs concentration (r=0.975, p<0.01). As compared to the results for other studies, the urban lakes of Guangzhou were moderately polluted by PAEs. 相似文献
603.
Xie Shuibo Zhang Chun Zhou Xinghuo Yang Jing Zhang Xiaojian Wang Jingsong 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
Hematite, a type of inorganic-sorptive medium, was used for the removal of U (VI) from aqueous solutions. Variables of the batch experiments including solution pH, contact time, initial concentration, temperature, calcium and magnesium ions were studied. The results indicated that the adsorption capacities are strongly affected by the solution pH, contact time and initial concentration. A higher pH favors higher U (VI) removal. The adsorption was also affected by temperature and calcium and magnesium ions, but the effect is very weak. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) only increased from 3.36 mg g−1 to 3.54 mg g−1 when the temperature was increased from 293 K to 318 K. A two-stage kinetic behavior was observed in the adsorption of uranium (VI): very rapid initial adsorption in a few minutes, followed by a long period of slower uptake. It was found that an increase in temperature resulted in a higher uranium (VI) loading per unit weight of the sorbent. The adsorption of uranium by hematite had good efficiency, and the equilibrium time of adsorbing uranium (VI) was about 6 h. The isothermal data were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich equations, but the data fitted the former better than the latter. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model and intraparticle diffusion model were used to describe the kinetic data, but the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the best. The thermodynamic parameter ΔG0 were calculated, the negative ΔG0 values of uranium (VI) at different temperatures confirmed the adsorption processes were spontaneous. 相似文献
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605.
在分析安全管理信息系统的特点和发展状况的基础上,论述了矿山安全管理信息系统所包括的内容:安全信息,系统安全分析,事故预测,安全评价。开发了矿山安全管理信息系统软件。 相似文献
606.
自然灾害给人类带来的不仅仅是物质财产的损失,同时还冲击和改变着人们的精神世界。在大灾面前人们要么更加坚定自己的信仰,要么失去或转向其他信仰,整个过程对政治、经济、文化和社会的影响甚大。十七世纪至十九世纪初既是英国完成宗教改革、合并形成联合王国、完成工业革命的阶段,同时也是中国清朝康、雍、乾三朝鼎盛的时期。分析此间英国文学作品中的灾难描述,研究灾难信仰的形成和特征,对比较研究两国之间的灾难信仰差异有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
607.
电辅助膜过滤是减缓膜污染的有效方法,但是受限于缺乏稳定性好、机械强度高、制备工艺简单的导电膜。通过在PVDF膜表面真空抽滤CNT制备得到了导电的碳纳米管-聚偏氟乙烯(CNT-PVDF)复合中空纤维膜,然后利用酸化CNT表面羧基与聚乙烯醇的羟基发生交联反应来固定CNT,以提高导电功能层的稳定性。抗污染实验结果表明:单纯膜过滤在5个运行周期内的膜通量衰减72%,反冲洗再生后膜通量为初始通量的58%;而在电辅助下(2 V电压,膜作为阴极),静电排斥作用可以有效降低膜通量衰减速度,减缓膜污染程度,5个运行周期内的膜通量衰减均小于10%,反冲洗再生时能完全恢复膜初始通量。以上研究结果可为推进电辅助缓解膜污染技术的实际应用提供参考。 相似文献
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