生物强化水解酸化过程前后微生物群落结构变化

通过利用生物强化技术提高水解酸化处理模拟印染废水的处理效果,包括共基质强化和菌剂强化两个方面。菌剂和共基质强化结果表明,菌剂A和菌剂B的加入将脱色率分别提高了2.33%和7.20%,当不加碳源时,脱色效果比较差(低于6.00%),而蔗糖的加入能提高脱色率至45.29%。利用PCR-DGGE技术追踪生物强化前后微生物群落结构信息,结果表明,菌剂和共基质的加入都对水解酸化池的微生物群落结构有较大影响。菌剂A和B强化后,水解酸化池的微生物多样性指数H(Shannon Weaver)由2.38分别增长到2.56和2.69,而共基质调控使得H由2.94增加到3.16。菌剂强化后,优势菌厚壁菌(Firmicutes)得到强化。通过共基质强化,优势菌拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌(Firmicutes)得到强化,它们可能在染料降解中起到重要作用。     

多种神经网络在华北西部区域城市空气质量预测中的应用

据华北西部区域4个主要城市2003—2012年API日报数据和相应时段的地面气象要素数据,利用4种(BP、Elman、T-S模糊、小波)神经网络构建预测模型并预测相应城市大气环境质量.研究结果显示,4种模型在可靠性、预测精度方面均可满足应用要求可用于实际预测;具有动态反馈能力的Elman神经网络的预测精度以及泛用性要优于具静态馈能力的其他3种网络模型,说明动态神经网络更适用于城市大气环境质量预测.4种神经网络的决策权重大小及其排序虽各不相同,但体现出相似规律性,日最低气温、日均气压、前日API对输出数据的影响较大,说明逆温现象引发的持续性、区域性污染是该地区主要环境问题.     

Visible-light-responsive photocatalytic inactivation of ofloxacin-resistant bacteria by rGO modified g-C3N4

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The visible light responsive graphitic nitride (g-C3N4) mediated photocatalysis has drawn extensive attention in water treatment field....     

4-[1-Ethyl-1-methylhexy]-phenol induces apoptosis and interrupts Ca2+ homeostasis via ROS pathway in Sertoli TM4 cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biological effect of an individual nonylphenol (NP) isomer extremely relies upon the side chain structure. This research was designed to evaluate the...     

Activated carbon enhanced ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO. oxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation： Effect of activated carbon dosage and pH

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a commercial activated carbon（AC）in this work. The effect of AC dosage and solution pH on the contribution of hydroxyl radicals（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduced by tert-butyl alcohol（tBA） with low dosages of AC,while it was hardly affected by tBA when the AC dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone decomposition when the AC dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the AC dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indicate that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface both contribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is significant when the dosage of AC is low, whereas surface oxidation is dominant when the dosage of AC is high. The oxalate removal decreased with increasing pH of the solution with an AC dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate occurs mainly through surface oxidation in acid and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic bulk solution. A mechanism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation was proposed for AC enhanced ozonation of oxalate.     

Nature Reserve and Ecotourism Development in China＇s Wuzhishan Mountain Region

As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social development and the maintenance of cultural values. This paper establishes a framework for nature reserve development that seeks to incorporate ecotourism into its strategies. The overall purpose was to identify the information needs required for a comprehensive nature reserve that incorporates ecotourism related values. It also illustrates the utility of this framework in the context of the Wuzhishan Mountain Region of China. A literature review, the first phase of a visionary strategy and a subsequent gap analysis for available management information were undertaken in order to achieve this paper＇s purpose. Finally, recommendations axe pre-sented for integrating ecotourism into nature reserve development in the Wuzhishan Mountain Region.     

控制挥发性有机化合物污染的技术

介绍了工业生产中排放的挥发性有机化合物的种类,主要排放源及其处理方法,并着重介绍了世界上比较先进的蓄热式燃烧法和蓄热式催化氧化法。     

Toward rational design of amines for CO2 capture: Substituent effect on kinetic process for the reaction of monoethanolamine with CO2

Amines have been considered as promising candidates for post-combustion CO₂ capture. A mechanistic understanding for the chemical processes involved in the capture and release of CO₂ is important for the rational design of amines. In this study, the structural effects of amines on the kinetic competition among three typical products (carbamates, carbamic acids and bicarbonate) from amines + CO₂ were investigated, in contrast to previous thermodynamic studies to tune the reaction of amines with CO₂ based on desirable reaction enthalpy and reaction stoichiometry. We used a quantum chemical method to calculate the activation energies (E_a) for the reactions of a range of substituted monoethanolamines with CO₂ covering three pathways to the three products. The results indicate that the formation of carbamates is the most favorable, among the three considered products. In addition, we found that the E_a values for all pathways linearly correlate with pK_a of amines, and more importantly, the kinetic competition between carbamate and bicarbonate absorption pathways varies with pK_a of the amines, i.e. stronger basicity results in less difference in E_a. These results highlight the importance of the consideration of kinetic competition among different reaction pathways in amine design.     

LAI inversion algorithm based on directional reflectance kernels

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important ecological and environmental parameter. A new LAI algorithm is developed using the principles of ground LAI measurements based on canopy gap fraction. First, the relationship between LAI and gap fraction at various zenith angles is derived from the definition of LAI. Then, the directional gap fraction is acquired from a remote sensing bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) product. This acquisition is obtained by using a kernel driven model and a large-scale directional gap fraction algorithm. The algorithm has been applied to estimate a LAI distribution in China in mid-July 2002. The ground data acquired from two field experiments in Changbai Mountain and Qilian Mountain were used to validate the algorithm. To resolve the scale discrepancy between high resolution ground observations and low resolution remote sensing data, two TM images with a resolution approaching the size of ground plots were used to relate the coarse resolution LAI map to ground measurements. First, an empirical relationship between the measured LAI and a vegetation index was established. Next, a high resolution LAI map was generated using the relationship. The LAI value of a low resolution pixel was calculated from the area-weighted sum of high resolution LAIs composing the low resolution pixel. The results of this comparison showed that the inversion algorithm has an accuracy of 82%. Factors that may influence the accuracy are also discussed in this paper.     

Effects of copper and palladium on the reduction of bromate by Fe(0)

Bromate reduction by Fe(0) with incorporation of copper or palladium was investigated in batch tests. The incorporation of copper led to an increase in the rate of bromate reduction, while incorporation of palladium did not show any effect on bromate reduction by Fe(0), regardless of the bimetal application techniques (either simultaneous addition of Cu(II) or Pd(IV) into the Fe-BrO3- reaction system or using copper or palladium amended iron for bromate removal). Surface analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques indicated that aqueous Cu(II) was reduced and incorporated into the iron surface to form Cu2O and Cu(0). Among these two species, pure Cu(0) is not an active electron donor to the bromate reduction reaction, as shown by there being no reduction from using Cu(0) powders alone and no enhancement by Fe(0) when physically mixed with Cu(0). Although it has been proposed in the literature that the enhancement of adsorption also contributes to the enhancement of chemical reduction, this is not the case here because adsorption decreased when Cu increased. The enhanced bromate reduction rate in the presence of copper observed here is most likely the result of the newly formed active Cu(I). The presence of PdO was evidenced by XPS but yielded no enhancement in bromate reduction. Finally, the Cu2O present on the iron surface because of copper impurities in commercially available iron was found to be involved in the bromate reduction and to accelerate the reduction rate.