南京青奥期间污染减排对空气质量影响研究

为评估污染减排对南京青奥期间空气质量影响,利用排放系数法估算减排量,利用敏感系数分析管控措施有效性.结果表明:经过8月份的强力减排,SO2、NO2、PM2.5、PM10、CO与VOCs减排量分别为3438、4402、3177、7249、15890与4052 t,减排比例分别为-29%、-25%、-45%、-65%、-26%、-22%;环境空气中SO2、NO2、PM2.5、PM10、CO与O3浓度环比7月分别下降了-18.8%、-15.0%、-37.0%、-35.4%、-7.1%与-50.4%;敏感系数排序为:O3>PM2.5>SO2>NO2>PM10>CO,除了O3外,其余污染物浓度下降比例小于减排比例,说明要取得一定空气质量改善,需要付出更多的减排努力.     

Evidence for coupled iron and nitrate reduction in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay

Iron and nitrate (NO₃^?) are dominant physiologically required nutrients for phytoplankton growth, and iron may also play a key role in the marine nitrogen cycle. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved iron (DFe) and Fe(II) in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) from April 2 to July 26, 2017. High concentrations of DFe and Fe(II) predominantly occurred in nearshore and estuarine stations and concentrations were generally higher in April and May. The highest DFe concentration was observed along the coast of Hongdao (51.55 nmol/L) in May, while the lowest concentration was observed in the western coastal region (2.88 nmol/L) in April. The highest and lowest Fe(II) concentrations were observed in the Licun estuary (22.42 nmol/L) and outer bay (0.50 nmol/L) in May, respectively. We calculated the proportions of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) as well as the ratio of Fe(II) to DFe in all four months. The mean Fe(II)/DFe ratio was 0.48 in April, 0.43 in May, 0.69 in June, and 0.32 in July. The mean ratio of NO₃^? to DIN was 0.78 in April, 0.54 in May, 0.20 in June, and 0.62 in July. NO₃^?/DIN continuously decreased in the first three months, while Fe(II)/DFe remained high, which suggests that the reduction of iron and nitrate occurred simultaneously in the surface waters of JZB.     

Genomic analyses of metal resistance genes in three plant growth promoting bacteria of legume plants in Northwest mine tailings, China

To better understand the diversity of metal resistance genetic determinant from microbes that survived atmetal tailings in northwest of China, a highly elevated level of heavymetal containing region, genomic analyses was conducted using genome sequence of three native metal-resistant plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). It shows that: Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 contains metal transporters from P-type ATPase, CDF (Cation Diffusion Facilitator), HupE/UreJ and CHR (chromate ion transporter) family involved in copper, zinc, nickel as well as chromate resistance and homeostasis. Meanwhile, the putative CopA/CueO system is expected to mediate copper resistance in Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020 while ZntA transporter, assisted with putative CzcD, determines zinc tolerance in Agrobacterium tumefaciens CCNWGS0286. The greenhouse experiment provides the consistent evidence of the plant growth promoting effects of these microbes on their hosts by nitrogen fixation and/or indoleacetic acid (IAA) secretion, indicating a potential in-site phytoremediation usage in themining tailing regions of China.     

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.     

成都市区夏季大气污染物浓度时空变化特征分析

为了解成都市区大气污染物浓度水平及其变化规律,统计分析了2013年6月1日—8月31日3个市区站点(十里店、梁家巷和草堂寺)SO2、NO2、O3、PM2.5、PM10和CO逐时观测资料.结果表明,观测期间O3污染严重,上述3个站点小时均值超标率分别达22%、37%和42%.大气颗粒物污染也较为严重,上述3个站点PM10日均浓度超标率分别为13%、8%和3%,而PM2.5日均值超标率分别高达34%、27%和26%.NO2和CO早晚的浓度高峰主要与机动车流量增加和混合层高度降低有关.由于紫外辐射影响,O3浓度在正午出现峰值.受机动车流量高峰和气象条件的影响,PM2.5和PM10最大值和最小值分别出现在上午和下午.通过对污染物"周末效应"的分析,发现周末O3、PM2.5和PM10的浓度显著高于工作日,SO2、NO2和CO反之.成都市区大气污染受局地排放和外源输送共同影响,其中PM10和NO2主要受局地源控制,而PM2.5、SO2和O3受外输送影响较大.     

Calculation method of quantum efficiency to TiO2 nanocrystal photocatalysis reaction

The quantum yield is an important factor to evaluate the efficiency of photoreactor.This article vires an overall calculation method of the quantum efficiency(Φ) and the apparent quantum efficiency(Φa) to the TiO2/UV photocatalysis system.Furthermore,for the immobility system(IS),the formulation of the faction of light absorbed by the TiO2 thin film is proposed so as to calculate the quantum efficiency by using the measured value and theoretic calculated value of transmissivity(T).For the suspension system(SS),due to the difficulty to obtain the adsorption coefficient(α) of TiO2 particulates,the quantum efficiency is calculated by means of the relative photonic efficiency(ζr)and the standard quantum yield(Φstandard).     

高压线下袋装砂井的施工

在公路软基处理过程中，如公路上空有高压线穿越，则往往因高压线下净空不够使袋装砂井无法施工，采用其它处理方式时，往往导致处理费用大幅上升。本文介绍了套管接驳的方式施工装砂井的工艺，经济可行，可供同行借鉴。     

高浓度甲基橙湿式过氧化氢氧化及机理初探

采用湿式过氧化氢氧化法 (WPO)处理高浓度偶氮染料甲基橙溶液 ,考察了多种因素对去除效果的影响 ,结果表明 ,对于 4 0 0mg L的甲基橙溶液 ,其最佳处理条件为 :温度 16 0℃ ,H2 O2 浓度 33mg L ,Fe2 + 浓度为 91 2mg L ,处理后脱色率在 95 %以上。对比废水处理前后紫外光谱与红外光谱图的变化 ,说明染料分子结构中的偶氮键发生断裂 ,破坏了分子结构的偶氮 -苯环共轭发色体系 ,从而达到了脱色的目的     

单次降水对高寒草地温室气体通量昼夜变化的影响研究

在全球变化背景下,青藏高原降水格局发生改变,并影响高寒草地温室气体排放.为了更好地认识降水变化与高寒草地温室气体排放的关系,在2015年7月24日,通过人工降水6.7 mm,研究了单次降水对高寒草地温室气体昼夜变化的影响.表明:(1)单次降水没有改变土壤温度,但显著增加了土壤湿度;(2)单次降水后24小时内,高寒草地CH4吸收量降低了2.46倍,CO2和N2 O排放量分别提高15.3%和98.9%;(3)单次降水弱化了高寒草地CH4和N2 O排放量与土壤温度的关系.     

南水北调徐州市尾水导流工程信息化监管系统的设计应用研究

信息化监管系统由现地信息采集系统和应用系统组成.前者由闸控现地监控系统、视频监控系统、水量水质监测系统、水雨情监测系统和便携式水质仪组成;后者由一体化平台软件、数据接收处理软件、应用服务系统软件、移动服务软件等组成.尾水导流工程信息化监管系统的建设,能提升尾水导流项目运行维护能力,满足徐州市水务局系统维护便捷、测量精度一致、信息共享的需求,满足江苏省南水北调尾水导流水质监管系统网络的需求,适应后期尾水导流工程的监督管理工作.