How changing grain size affects the land surface temperature pattern in rapidly urbanizing area: a case study of the central urban districts of Hangzhou City,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urbanization has led to the rapid and large-scale changes in land use and land cover and has affected the spatial distribution of land surface...     

Groundwater geochemical signatures and implication for sustainable development in a typical endorheic watershed on Tibetan plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater resource is significantly important for sustainable development of the world, especially for arid endorheic watersheds. A total of 28...     

Status of water use and potential of rainwater harvesting for replacing centralized supply system in remote mountainous areas: a case study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The failure of the centralized water supply system forced XY community to become more dependent on uncertain and unstable water sources. The results...     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.

     

曝气策略对膜面剪切力的影响机制及其优化

曝气冲刷是浸没式MBR工艺不同于常规活性污泥法工艺的关键特征,然而现行规范的曝气系统设计与运行比较粗放,缺乏气泡尺寸模拟优化方法。以可直接观测的工程规模 (500 m³·d⁻¹) 膜生物反应器为研究对象,对穿孔管角度进行了优化研究,并用群体平衡模型(Population Balance Model,PBM)模型模拟污泥混合液不同粘度下的内部气泡分布情况。结果表明：穿孔管角度垂直向下、60°、45°、30°、垂直向上在膜面产生的平均剪切力分别为1.74、1.46、1.19、1.38、1.67 Pa,这表明曝气角度最优为垂直向下。0.3%、0.5%和0.8%浓度的羧甲基纤维素钠(Carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC)下产生的平均剪切力分别是1.51、1.92、2.24 Pa,气泡直径逐渐增大。且气泡尺寸越大、流速越大,分布越均匀。基于0.3%、0.5% CMC的速度实验结果与 PBM模拟结果基本吻合。该研究结果可为MBR技术的工艺优化和系统控制方法提升提供参考。     

污泥与香蕉秸秆混合厌氧发酵特性

为提高污泥、香蕉秸秆厌氧发酵的甲烷产率,采用批式实验,研究污泥与香蕉秸秆厌氧发酵及其协同特性。实验结果表明：污泥和香蕉秸秆实验组分别会出现氨抑制、酸抑制现象,影响厌氧发酵的进行,一段时间后都可以自行解除抑制恢复产气。热碱污泥、碱浴秸秆实验组均可以解除抑制作用,甲烷产率较预处理前分别提高43%、176%。混合物质发酵实验组的甲烷产率较热碱污泥、碱浴秸秆实验组分别提高了110%、30%,较污泥和香蕉秸秆实验组分别提高了200%、259%。说明污泥和香蕉秸秆混合厌氧发酵,可以提高甲烷产率。     

木屑-硫磺填充床反硝化生物滤池强化硝酸盐去除

针对污水处理厂二级出水深度脱氮的需求,设计了以木屑与硫磺颗粒为填料（质量比1:1）的反硝化生物滤池,对碳氮比失衡的污水处理厂二级出水进行深度脱氮处理。结果表明,木屑释放碳源速率在10 d之后趋于稳定,COD中（40.6±10.0）%是反硝化菌可直接利用的VFA。反硝化生物滤池运行的最佳HRT为10 h,在此条件下,进水硝酸盐（以N计）浓度为30 mg·L-1时,出水硝酸盐浓度最低为11.5 mg·L-1,亚硝酸盐（以N计）浓度最低为1.4 mg·L-1,反硝化生物滤池内未发生硝酸盐异化还原（DNRA）作用,出水无氨氮积累。出水SO42-浓度最高为73.8 mg·L-1。反硝化生物滤池运行稳定后,出水中COD未超过30 mg·L-1,木屑释放的碳源与异养反硝化过程消耗的碳源持平,经反硝化生物滤池深度处理的出水中无过量残留有机物。出水pH稳定在6.9~7.4范围内,反硝化生物滤池无需外加碱类物质。     

采用Design-Expert分析多因素对电路板湿法拆解的影响与优化设计

废旧印刷电路板元器件拆解技术的研究是电子废弃物有效利用的重点环节。通过采用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件,对拆解过程中氟硼酸浓度,双氧水浓度和时间对铅、锡焊料的溶出率的影响趋势进行研究,得出最终优化实验方案为在双氧水浓度为0.5 mol·L-1、氟硼酸浓度为2.5 mol·L-1、反应时间为35 min的条件下铅、锡的溶出率分别为90.66%和99.91%,可视为铅、锡完全溶解并实现脱焊。该方法实现了电子元器件与印刷电路板的快速分离,将为电子废弃物的资源化提供理论支持和应用支撑。     

表面活性剂强化球形节杆菌修复DDTs污染农田土壤的现场实验

通过田间实验,研究了不同浓度的表面活性剂（SDBS-TW80和RL）对球形节杆菌Arthrobacter globiformis DC-1降解设施农业土壤中DDTs效果的影响。结果表明,SDBS-TW80和RL 均能不同程度地促进球形节杆菌降解农田土壤中DDTs。当SDBS-TW80和RL浓度分别为200和5 mg·kg-1土时,DDTs的降解率达到最高,均为64%左右。DDTs组分分析表明：SDBS-TW80和RL对p,p'-DDE、p,p'-DDT、p,p'-DDD和o,p'-DDT 4种组分均有不同程度的降解,其中毒性最强的p,p'-DDE降解效果最好,最高达75%左右。实验结果证实了利用表面活性剂强化球形节杆菌现场修复DDTs污染土壤的可能性。考虑到修复效率和成本,实际应用中优先选择SDBS-TW80的组合。     

镧改性凹凸棒土的制备及其对水中磷酸盐的吸附

锁磷剂的应用与推广加快了人们对镧改性粘土的不断研究。为了探讨2种制备方法所得的镧改性凹凸棒土吸附剂对水体中磷酸根的去除效果,首先制备了镧改性凹凸棒土（La-ATP）及镧改性酸活化凹凸棒土（La-H-ATP）2种吸附剂,然后在不同条件下研究比较了二者对磷酸根的吸附效果。结果表明：La-ATP和La-H-ATP对磷酸根吸附曲线适合Langmuir方程,饱和吸附量（qm）均大于12 mg·g-1。高温有利于La-ATP和La-H-ATP对磷酸根的吸附,并且La-ATP的平衡吸附量（qe）在35、25和10℃条件下均大于La-H-ATP。在酸性条件下,La-ATP具有比La-H-ATP更好的除磷效果。两种吸附剂对磷酸根具有较好的吸附选择性,几种常见共存离子存在时的吸附量无明显变化。