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971.
972.
973.
Nitrogen removal from recycled landfill leachate by ex situ nitrification and in situ denitrification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A three-compartment system, comprising a landfill column with fresh municipal solid waste, a column with a well-decomposed refuse layer as methane producer, and a sequential batch reactor as ex situ nitrifying reactor, was employed to remove nitrogen from municipal solid waste leachate. Since food waste comprised a major portion of refuse collected in Shanghai, an intense hydrolysis reaction occurred and caused the rapid accumulation of ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) and total organic carbon in the leachate. This paper discusses the role of the three mentioned units and the design and operation of the proposed system. With most NH(3)-N being converted to nitrite nitrogen (NO(2)(-)-N) or nitrate nitrogen (NO(3)(-)-N) by the nitrifying reactor, and with the well-decomposed refuse layer transforming most dissolved organic compounds to CO(2), carbonates and methane, it was found that the fresh refuse column could efficiently denitrify the hydrolyzed nitrogen to N(2) gas. The role of the three mentioned units and comments on the design and operation of the proposed system are also discussed. 相似文献
974.
采用序批式反应器(SBR)处理模拟精对苯二甲酸(PTA)废水,考察了曝气量、沉降时间、进水方式等对对苯二甲酸(TA)生物降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,对于TA质量浓度小于1500mg/L的废水,采用完全曝气SBR运行4h,TA和COD的去除率均能达到95%以上,TA平均去除速率随TA浓度的增加而增大。TA质量浓度为1500mg/L时,曝气量、沉降时间和进水方式是影响其降解效果的主要因素。采用SBR处理高浓度PTA废水可克服污泥膨胀和抗冲击负荷能力弱的问题,且系统的稳定性和PTA废水的处理效果较好。 相似文献
975.
零价铁、镍-铁和铜-铁双金属对四氯乙烯的脱氯性能研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
研究了零价铁、镍-铁和铜-铁双金属对四氯乙烯(PCE)的还原性脱氯性能。实验结果表明,零价铁、镍-铁和铜-铁双金属对PCE的脱氯反应符合准一级反应动力学方程;双金属对P(=E的脱氯反应速率高于零价铁,镍-铁双金属对PCE的脱氯反应速率常数是零价铁的2.486倍;镍-铁和铜-铁双金属可使PCE完全脱氯,零价铁在对PCE脱氯的过程中产生一定量的三氯乙烯;增加金属质量,可提高PCE的脱氯反应速率;金属颗粒越小,越有利于PCE脱氯反应。 相似文献
976.
Phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphoric acid, IP6) has long been recognized as the predominant organic P form in soil and animal manure. Whereas many studies have investigated the wet chemistry of IP6, there is little information on the characterization of solid metal IP6 compounds. This information is essential for further understanding and assessing the chemical behavior of IP6 in diverse soil-plant-water ecosystems. As the first step in full characterization, we synthesized eight metal phytate compounds and investigated their structural features using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The absorption features from 900 to 1200 cm(-1) in FT-IR could be used to identify these phytates as: (i) light divalent metal (Ca and Mg) compounds with a sharp band and a broad band, (ii) heavy divalent metal (Cu and Mn) compounds with splitting broad bands, and (iii) trivalent metal (Al and Fe) compounds with a broad band and a shoulder band. Three different types of chemical structures of metal-phytate compounds were presented based on the FT-IR information. We further demonstrated that metal orthophosphates possessed different FT-IR spectral characteristics from their IP6 counterparts. The unique spectral features of metal phytates from 1000 to 700 cm(-1) could be used to distinguish phytate compounds from metal phosphate compounds. Thus, FT-IR analysis after fine tuning could provide an analytical tool to investigate the basic metal phytate chemistry in molecular levels, such as the competitive interactions between phosphate and phytate with a specific metal ion, and the conversion (or hydrolysis) of metal phytate to metal phosphate under various conditions. 相似文献
977.
978.
2005年10月28日,上海市十二届人大23次会议审议通过了<上海市环境保护条例>(修订案)(以下简称<环保条例>),标志着上海市<环保条例>的修订工作,经过两年的努力圆满完成.为保证<环保条例>的修订质量,自2004年以来,在上海市人大法制委、法工委和市政府法制办的大力支持下,我们开展了大量的调研工作,在合理开拓立法空间方面也做了一些探索和尝试. 相似文献
979.
980.
The area northwest of Beijing is one of the most important regions where many organizations invest and pay most attention. The environmental problems in this region affect not only Beijing but also the surrounding area. Based on observation of the characteristics of the change in sandy land, this study classified four types of dynamic change of sandy land, including extended sandy land, the reversely changed sandy land, the potential sandy land and no change in sandy land. Then the process and the trend of changes in sandy land and their environmental impact on the area northwest of Beijing were analyzed. The results show that the area of sandy land has increased in this region in the period of 1991 to 2002. Change between sandy land and grassland was the dominant change. It is found that the monitoring zones of Hunshandake sandy land and north of Yin Shan are regions with high ratio of extended sandy land, and are connected with widespread potential change of sandy land. This implies that these two regions have a high probability of increase in sandy land in the future. On the other hand, in the monitoring zone of Horqin sandy land and Ba Shang Plateau and its surrounding area, desertification had been controlled and the area of sandy land is expected to decrease. This indicates that the direction of the sandstorm to Beijing is expected to gradually move to the northwest. Furthermore, the decreases in sandy land and the reversing change from arable land to grassland and forests in the study region will affect the land quality and atmosphere. And the logistic multiple regression (LMR) model was employed to better understand the complexity and processes of increases in sandy land. This model predicts that there is a high probability of increases in sandy land in north of Siziwang Banner, Zhengxiangbai Banner and Zhenglan Banner. Finally, suggestions to the ecological construction of the study area have been proposed. 相似文献