城市生活垃圾渗透系数测试研究

采用常水头测渗实验,对不同压实密度和水力梯度下的新鲜垃圾与陈垃圾的渗透系数进行测试,根据达西定律求得渗透系数值。由于垃圾的不均匀性、小颗粒的运动和大孔隙沟道流的形成和改变,实验初始阶段渗透系数值先增大至峰值,然后缓慢降低直至趋于稳定。实验稳定后,新鲜垃圾压实密度为0.75~0.95 t/m3时,渗透系数值约为1.26E-03~1.43E-03 cm/s。陈垃圾在压实密度分别为1.2和1.4 t/m3时,渗透系数为8.29E-04和1.35E-04 cm/s。     

Investigating the effect of landfill leachates on the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in groundwater using excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectra coupled with fluorescence regional integration and self-organizing map

For the purpose of investigating the effect of landfill leachate on the characteristics of organic matter in groundwater, groundwater samples were collected near and in a landfill site, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) was extracted from the groundwater samples and characterized by excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and self-organizing map (SOM). The results showed that the groundwater DOM comprised humic-, fulvic-, and protein-like substances. The concentration of humic-like matter showed no obvious variation for all groundwater except the sample collected in the landfill site. Fulvic-like substance content decreased when the groundwater was polluted by landfill leachates. There were two kinds of protein-like matter in the groundwater. One kind was bound to humic-like substances, and its content did not change along with groundwater pollution. However, the other kind was present as “free” molecules or else bound in proteins, and its concentration increased significantly when the groundwater was polluted by landfill leachates. The FRI and SOM methods both can characterize the composition and evolution of DOM in the groundwater. However, the SOM analysis can identify whether protein-like moieties was bound to humic-like matter.     

International mechanism for loss and damage from climate change: recommendations for related work in China

Loss and damage (L&D) from climate change has threatened the sustainable development of humankind, while the progress of mitigative and adaptive measures carried out under the international multilateral framework has been slow. The scientific community and policymakers have placed increasing emphasis on the international L&D response mechanism as a potential direct solution. This paper reviewed the origins of such a mechanism, with an in-depth analysis of the related connotations. A review of the existing situation in China on work related to L&D arising from climate change was conducted, followed by a summary of the findings. Finally, measures and recommendations to improve China’s efforts were proposed in this issue.     

三峡水库消落区自然植被群落分布特征

为了调查清楚三峡水库消落区自然植被群落的分布特征,在三峡水库消落区设置了 251个样地进行调查研究.结果表明,在土质边坡、岩质边坡和混合质边坡中,狗牙根群落占绝对优势;在145～155 m、155～165 m、165～175 m高程区间,狗牙根群落均有分布且数量较多,其次为苍耳群落和狗尾草群落,且随着高程的增加植物种类...     

深圳市湿地保护与利用模式研究

深圳市湿地类型有近海及海岸湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地和人工湿地共4大类,总面积12 188.57 hm2,占深圳市国土面积的6.12%。本研究提出深圳市湿地保护和利用模式。湿地保护模式分重点保护湿地和一般保护湿地两个层次,重点加强湿地自然保护区的保护与管理。湿地利用模式划分为防护型湿地、资源利用型湿地、水质净化型湿地和湿地公园。水质净化人工湿地作为一种新型高效生态水质净化技术,可应用于污水处理厂尾水深度处理、河水水质净化、面源污染控制与水源保护等领域。湿地公园是对城市湿地面积缩减的弥补和平衡,具有综合生态服务功能,对城市湿地保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。