Constitutional tolerance to heavy metals of a fiber crop, ramie (Boehmeria nivea), and its potential usage

It is observed that ramie (Boehmeria nivea), an economic fiber crop, can establish and colonize metal-contaminated sites in China. Metal tolerance and accumulation by ramie originating from 13 metal-contaminated and 4 “clean” sites in China were compared under field and hydroponic conditions. All selected populations and germplasms displayed good growth performance under diverse metal-contaminated habitats; while growth responses, metal accumulation and tolerance were similar among the 8 populations and 2 germplasms when exposed to solutions containing elevated As, Cd, Pb, or Zn in the laboratory. These revealed that ramie possesses a certain degree of constitutional metal tolerance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of constitutional metal tolerance possessed by a fiber crop. Ramie can be considered as a good candidate for both fiber production and phytoremediation of sites contaminated by multi-metals, as it accumulates relative low metal concentrations, but possesses both high biomass and high economic value.     

长输管道事故数据库的对比分析

从影响长输管道安全的外部因素、事故定义、事故分类以及事故数据分析和事故报告等几个方面,对国际上主要长输管道事故数据库进行了对比分析,提出了建立我国长输管道事故数据库的建议.     

虎跳峡水库蓄水对水温的影响分析

虎跳峡坝址为金沙江流域上下游鱼类的分界处,水生生境敏感而脆弱。科学预测水库蓄水对水温的影响,对于研究水库兴建对水生生物的影响,保护金沙江流域鱼类资源,探讨水库泄水对下游农田灌溉作物的影响具有重要意义。综合应用多种水库水温预测模型和方法,对虎跳峡水库蓄水后对库区和下游河道水温的影响进行了预测,并分析了水库泄水对下游灌溉作物的影响。结果表明,虎跳峡水库蓄水后库区水温比蓄水前明显升高,正常蓄水位1 950 m和2 010 m两个方案库区年均水温分别增加5.9℃和5.6℃,且6月～次年1月水温增幅较大;4～9月水库泄水水温比天然河段水温分别低3.5～6.2℃和3.3～7.1℃,两个方案都将对坝下采用干渠取水灌溉的农田作物带来一定的影响。     

有机物辛醇／水分配系数的计算方法：分子碎片常数法

辛醇／水分配系数是表征有机污染物环境行为的重要参数之一，本文应用于碎片常数计算了１３０余个有机化合物的辛醇／水分配系数对数值，通过计算值与实测值的比较发现，两者之间表现出相当好的一致性，其平均绝对误差为０．１３５，此外，还探讨了该方法应用于不同类型有机污染物时需要注意的问题。     

磷酸盐工业中的放射性污染及其防治

磷矿石中含有一定量的天然放射性物质，在工业生产中，这些物质不仅会在产品、副产品和三废中富集，还会通过生产和使用中的不同环节扩散到周围环境中，对环境造成污染。云南必须对此综合研究，制订措施，使磷化工产业开发与保护并重，可持续发展。     

Surface clogging process modeling of suspended solids during urban stormwater aquifer recharge

Aquifer recharge,which uses urban stormwater,is an effective technique to control the negative effects of groundwater overexploitation,while clogging problems in infiltration systems remain the key restricting factor in broadening its practice.Quantitative understanding of the clogging process is still very poor.A laboratory study was conducted to understand surface physical clogging processes,with the primary aim of developing a model for predicting suspended solid clogging processes before aquifer recharge projects start.The experiments investigated the clogging characteristics of different suspended solid sizes in recharge water by using a series of one-dimensional fine quartz sand columns.The results showed that the smaller the suspended particles in recharge water,the farther the distance of movement and the larger the scope of clogging in porous media.Clogging extents in fine sand were 1 cm,for suspended particle size ranging from 0.075 to 0.0385 mm,and 2 cm,for particles less than 0.0385 mm.In addition,clogging development occurred more rapidly for smaller suspended solid particles.It took 48,42,and 36 hr respectively,for large-,medium-,and small-sized particles to reach pre-determined clogging standards.An empirical formula and iteration model for the surface clogging evolution process were derived.The verification results obtained from stormwater recharge into fine sand demonstrated that the model could reflect the real laws of the surface clogging process.     

基于水质模拟的不确定条件下两阶段随机水资源规划模型

针对流域内不同企业的水资源分配及企业生产污染排放导致的水环境问题,运用区间两阶段随机规划的方法,耦合区间两阶段模型（ITSP）和区间水质模型（IS-P）,建立不确定两阶段随机水质-水量耦合规划模型（ITSP-SP）.该模型以流域内系统利益最大为目标函数,模拟了流域内各个企业的水量分配及排污过程中河道水质变化,并在保证河流水质达标前提下优化预计分配水量,调整企业生产规模.通过模型运算得到区间解,为管理者提供了多样的决策方案.并且,该模型充分考虑不确定因素对系统利益的影响,能够有效的规避系统决策失误及方案缺失现象.     

隔离式减振垫浮置板道床施工工艺的探讨

介绍隔离式减振垫浮置板道床施工工艺、基本原理、施工特点、施工设备和作业人员配备。针对浮置板道床高度及构成、轨道基础施工、隔振垫铺设施工、轨排铺设施工、隔离式减振垫道床钢筋及混凝土施工、伸缩缝的设置、密封条及防水层施工进行分析和论述,提出安全质量控制措施。