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671.
Shrub invasion has a serious effect on the structure and function of grassland ecosystems and understanding vegetation dynamics is of great significance to control shrub invasion and recover shrub invaded grassland. In the Ordos Plateau, we selected representative communities in transition process from Stipa bungeana to Artemisia ordosica. By sampling, cutting, and root-drilling methods, plant coverage, density, biomass, litter, root, and species diversity of different communities were investigated and analyzed. The results showed the following: (1) the succession process had six vegetation types, S. bungeana communities, S. bungeana + Cleistogenes squarrosa communities, S. bungeana + Artemisia ordosica communities, A. ordosica + C. squarrosa communities, A. ordosica + Lespedeza davurica communities, and A. ordosica communities. (2) The community coverage decreased initially, and then increased. Whereas, the total density decreased initially, then increased, and then decreased. The aboveground, underground, and total biomasses, and the dry weight of litter showed an increasing trend. (3) The coverage, density, and biomass of S. bungeana decreased gradually, whereas A. ordosica showed an opposite trend. (4) With the increase in soil depth, the dry weight of root showed a decreasing trend. The roots were mainly distributed in the 0-30 cm soil layer. At VI stage, the root distribution of Artemisia community initially increased, and then decreased, and the root depth reached 80-90 cm. (5) The species richness, Simpson, Shannon-Winner, and Pielou evenness indexes initially increased, and then decreased. In summary, shrub encroachment is severe in the Ordos Plateau. Although the community coverage, biomass, and biodiversity during the moderate shrub encroachment stage were high, the shrub-invaded grassland should be restored to S. bungeana grassland due to the decreased grazing value of grassland after shrub invasion. Keywords. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
672.
不同水稻品种对镉积累的差异及其与镉亚细胞分布的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用土培试验,以籽粒Cd低积累水稻品种(越冬稻和R1088)和籽粒Cd高积累水稻品种(IR34582和太粳558)为试验材料,研究成熟期水稻在Cd0(不加Cd)、Cd5(5 mg·kg~(-1))和Cd25(25 mg·kg~(-1))胁迫下,Cd在水稻各组织中的积累差异及其与Cd亚细胞分布的关系,为培育Cd低积累水稻品种和水稻安全生产提供科学依据。结果表明:(1) Cd胁迫下,约65%~83%的Cd积累于根系,低积累品种根系Cd含量显著高于高积累品种,而地上部却相反;(2)高积累品种往地上部转运Cd的效率以及地上部各组织往籽粒转运Cd的效率均显著高于低积累品种;(3) Cd胁迫下,低积累品种根中细胞壁(F1)、细胞器(F2)、细胞膜(F3)和可溶部分(F4)中Cd含量显著高于高积累品种,而茎、叶鞘和叶中却相反;(4)低积累品种根和茎中F1中Cd分配比例均显著高于高积累品种,而F4中Cd分配比例却相反;在叶鞘和叶中,F1、F4中Cd分配比例在不同品种之间无显著差异。(5) Cd胁迫下,TF_(根-茎)和TF_(茎-糙米)均与F1中Cd分配比例成显著负相关关系,而与F4中Cd分配比例成显著正相关关系。综上,高积累品种往地上部转运Cd的能力强于低积累品种;低积累品种根和茎中细胞壁限制了Cd的迁移;而高积累品种根和茎中可溶部分在Cd从根部向上以及从茎向籽粒转运过程中起着重要作用。 相似文献
673.
674.
为研究钢筋混凝土短柱在相邻构件约束条件下,并经荷载和火灾共同作用后的力学性能,开展了18根受不同约束方式作用的钢筋混凝土短柱火灾后(下)力学性能的试验研究。获得了火灾后(下)钢筋混凝土短柱的剩余承载力、剩余轴压刚度、荷载—轴向变形关系曲线,分析讨论了约束方式、标准升温时间及荷载比等对火灾后钢筋混凝土短柱力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,火灾下和火灾后钢筋混凝土柱试件的破坏模式类似,但后者的混凝土表面裂纹以及剥落较前者严重;不论是火灾下还是火灾后,恒刚度约束的试件破坏较恒荷载约束严重;且恒荷载约束条件下得到的试件耐火极限大于恒刚度约束条件下得到的耐火极限。 相似文献
675.
676.
Leaching tests on flue gas ashes from waste incineration showed low leaching of Cr from ashes that under moist anaerobic conditions also produced hydrogen gas. In some cases, also the redox levels (aerobic/anaerobic conditions) during the leaching test affected Cr leaching. Aerobic ashes tested in an open batch leaching test leached Cr up to 2-3 orders of magnitude more than the ashes kept moist under anaerobic conditions and tested in a closed leaching test. Model experiments showed that metallic Al could reduce Cr and at the same time produce H(2). The hydrogen gas per se could not reduce Cr. Laboratory experiments with ashes provided evidence that metallic Al, present naturally in the ashes or amended, could reduce Cr under moist anaerobic, but not under aerobic storage. Significant Cr reduction was linked to, but not caused by hydrogen formation. The reduced Cr seemed to be partially reoxidizable upon aeration or drying. The observations presented provide a basis for understanding the complexity of Cr leaching from waste incineration ashes, as for example, why some chemical stabilization methods increase Cr leaching, and point out the need for standardizing leaching test conditions with respect to Cr. 相似文献
677.
678.
压力容器是一种广泛使用的特殊设备,一旦使用不当或容器缺陷未及时处理,就有可能发生爆炸和介质泄漏事故。这些事故不仅危害操作人员安全,而且危及周围环境,发生易燃易爆介质的二次爆炸。合理有效地控制运行参数,是预防压力容器事故的重要途径。 相似文献
679.
Chao Qin Shaogui Yang Cheng Sun Manjun Zhan Rongjun Wang Huanxing Cai Jia Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(3):321-328
A solution of atrazine in a TiO2 suspension, an endocrine disruptor in natural water, was tentatively treated by microwave-assisted photocatalytic technique.
The effects of mannitol, oxygen, humic acid, and hydrogen dioxide on the photodegradation rate were explored. The results
could be deduced as follows: the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine fits the pseudo-first-order kinetic well with k = 0.0328 s−1, and ·OH was identified as the dominant reactant. Photodegradation of atrazine was hindered in the presence of humic acid,
and the retardation effect increased as the concentration of humic acid increased. H2O2 displayed a significant negative influence on atrazine photocatalysis efficiency. Based on intermediates identified with
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques, the main degradation
routes of atrazine are proposed. 相似文献
680.
曝气系统是污水处理过程中的一道关键环节,通过鼓风系统将压缩空气输送到曝气池中,经过各种类型的曝气器使氧气与污水充分混合,曝气池中微生物吸收氧气后分解污水中有机物,达到水质净化的效果。绍兴污水处理厂一期曝气系统经过几年的运行,原曝气器出现橡胶膜老化,供气效率下降,在对各类曝气器试验的基础上,确定采用垂直悬挂式可提升聚合物管式曝气器对一期曝气系统进行更新改造,改造工作于2008年11月份全面完成,安装调试后系统运行正常,供气气量和供气均匀性都得到了明显改善,解决了不停水维修曝气器的难题,为一期工程长期稳定运行奠定了基础。 相似文献