Modeling time-dependent toxicity to aquatic organisms from pulsed exposure of PAHs in urban road runoff

Understanding of the magnitude of urban runoff toxicity to aquatic organisms is important for effective management of runoff quality. In this paper, the aquatic toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban road runoff was evaluated through a damage assessment model. Mortality probability of the organisms representative in aquatic environment was calculated using the monitored PAHs concentration in road runoff. The result showed that the toxicity of runoff in spring was higher than those in summer. Analysis of the time-dependent toxicity of series of runoff water samples illustrated that the toxicity of runoff water in the final phase of a runoff event may be as high as those in the initial phase. Therefore, the storm runoff treatment systems or strategies designed for capture and treatment of the initial portion of runoff may be inappropriate for control of runoff toxicity.     

高层建筑火灾安全疏散二级灰关联评估

高层建筑内人员集中,垂直疏散距离长,烟气垂直方向扩散快,火灾情况比一般建筑内的复杂,因此需要对其火灾时的安全疏散进行评估.通过比较几种安全评估模型,根据高层建筑火灾的特点,用灰关联评估方法建立了高层建筑火灾安全疏散二级灰关联评估模型,对评估模型标准参考矩阵进行了分析并提出了因素权重的选取方法.该模型通过比较样本矩阵和标准参考矩阵的关联度,划分安全等级,并在评估对象中找出影响安全疏散的关键因素,指出薄弱环节,量化改进方案,然后在改进的基础上评估样本的安全疏散等级,再找出改进措施,直到目标系统样本的安全疏散评估等级达到安全等级.通过实例,验证了该模型的可行性.     

汶川地震典型教学楼附加BRB支撑防倒塌加固效果分析

以汶川地震震中附近的一栋典型RC框架结构为背景,采用BRB支撑加固来增强其抗震能力,并采用基于动力增量分析(IDA)的地震倒塌易损性分析方法,对加固后的抗倒塌能力及其影响参数进行了分析。结果显示,以结构抗倒塌能力为目标,BRB支撑方案的加固效果要好于普通支撑加固方案,相同参数情况下,A形支撑布置方案的加固效果好于X形支撑布置方案。     

垂直流湿地处理低浓度生活污水的水力负荷

在5种水力负荷条件下,采用连续进水、间歇排水的运行方式,对2种垂直流湿地处理低浓度生活污水的去除效果进行了研究.结果表明,在水力负荷为0.085,0.106,0.141,0.212m³/(m²d)的条件下,多层填料(1#)湿地和双层填料(2#)湿地对COD_Cr和NH_{4⁺-N的去除无明显差异,出水CODCr和NH4⁺-N浓度均低于30mg/L和5mg/L.两垂直流湿地CODCr净化负荷与有机污染负荷之间呈显著的正相关关系(n=4R2>0.98).垂直流湿地中氮的去除主要是依靠微生物的硝化和反硝化作用;进水水质、水力负荷和温度等影响湿地系统硝化和反硝化作用的进行,水力负荷为0.141m³/(m²d)时,总氮(TN)去除效率与有机污染负荷呈正相关.}     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定废水中总铬

研究环境样品中总铬用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定。选择不同实验条件 ,确定了最佳的分析条件 ,并通过标准样品和实验样品的分析 ,验证了方法的准确度和精密度。实验证明 ,此方法快速方便、准确度高、精密度好。     

受污染景观水体的生物修复

应用生物刺激剂BIOE1对受污染的人工景观池水进行生物修复试验。现场试验的结果表明,生物刺激剂BIOE1能有效地对受污染的景观池水进行生物修复,处理后的池水清澈,水体中的溶解氧浓度显著提高,CODCr、氨氮、总磷和浊度的去除率分别为68%、93%、75%和83%。所用生物刺激剂不含外来微生物,对人体和鱼类无毒性。     

大学"绿色文明"的荣誉和形象

创建“绿色大学”的迫切性 　　全球生态危机引发的地球上“绿色”的加速失落,已经促使人类文化的“绿色”转向。在工业领域人们提倡“清洁生产”,实行 ISO14000认证制度;在消费领域,社会鼓励“绿色消费”;在教育领域,国家支持创建“绿色学校”。相比之下,绿色大学的开展则显得非常薄弱。然而高校学生是国家未来的管理者、工程师、决策者和科学家,他们的生态意识和可持续发展观念的强弱将直接影响他们未来工作时的决策。所以,加强“绿色大学”建设,培养具有较高环境意识的各类人才,是这个时代赋予我们的历史任务。 “绿色教育…     

2D numerical analysis of the influence of near-bank vegetation patches on the bed morphological adjustment

This paper investigates the influence of near-bank vegetation patches on the bed morphological adjustment in open channel flow systems. The 2D depth-averaged hydro-morphological model is adopted for this investigation, which is first validated by laboratory experimental data measured in an open channel with a single near-bank vegetation patch. The validated model is then applied for extensive numerical simulations, with the aim of conducting a systematic analysis of the influence of different geometric controlling parameters on the bed morphological evolution. The controlling parameters taken into account for numerical analysis include the angle of repose value (RAV) of sediment, vegetation density (VD), patch length (PL) and patch width (PW). The numerical results and analysis show that: (1) the RAV of sediment with slope-failure parametrization only influences the shape of the transverse bed topography in the junction region; (2) increase in VD, PL and PW that substantially enhances flow blockage effect encourages the growth of the pool adjacent to the patch in three dimensions; (3) increase in VD, PL and PW produces analogous retrogressive erosion (erosion toward the upstream) in the pool region, presumably due to the increase in flow resistance. Additional numerical experiments suggest that the staggered-order distribution of multiple patches might be an optimal choice for channel restoration and conservation since pools and riffles with larger scales can be produced.

     

清洁生产审核中的物料平衡操作规范

基于物质流分析原理,通过归纳总结长期审核工作的经验,建立了量化追踪评估物质利用效率的物料平衡操作规范及其方法框架,以保障取得审核成效。在审核方法学层面上,针对不同类型、不同情况下的工艺流程,首次给出了较为完整的可量化追踪物质利用效率的物料平衡操作规范。