Application of hinokitiol potassium salt for wood preservative

The decay of wood and other cellulosic materials by fungi cause significant economic loss. The widely used chromated copper arsenate was prohibited for the environmental impact and safety of arsenic and chromium. It was found that natural product hinokitiol (HK) had fungicidal and insecticidal activities, and its toxicity was bearable for the environment. We described the practical synthesis of HK-K salt. According to the GB/T18261-2000 and LY/T1283-1998, wood preservative performance of HK-K salt was tested. The results showed that the best inhibitory concentration of HK-K salt was 50 mg/L, for which the prevention effectiveness on mold is better, the killed value is between 0 and 1, and the corrosion-resistant for wood-rotting fungi is grade A.     

Effect of calcium on adsorption capacity of powdered activated carbon

We investigated the effect of calcium ion on the adsorption of humic acid (HA) (as a target pollutant) by powered activated carbon. The HA adsorption isotherms at different pH and kinetics of two different solutions including HA alone and HA doped Ca²⁺, were performed. It was showed that the adsorption capacity of powdered activated carbon (PAC) for HA was markedly enhanced when Ca²⁺ was doped into HA. Also, HA and Ca²⁺ taken as nitrate were tested on the uptake of each other respectively and it was showed that the adsorbed amounts of both of them were significantly promoted when HA and calcium co-existed. Furthermore, the adsorbed amount of HA slightly decreased with the increasing of Ca²⁺ concentration, whereas the amount of calcium increased with the increasing of HA concentration, but all above the amounts without addition. Finally, the change of pH before and after adsorption process is studied. In the two different solutions including HA alone and HA doped Ca²⁺, pH had a small rise, but the extent of pH of later solution was bigger.     

石化企业挥发性有机化合物泄漏排放量评估方法

介绍了石化企业生产过程中的泄漏排放源以及在开展泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)的工作中,对挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的泄漏排放量进行估算的多种方法,结合石化生产装置泄漏排放量估算实例给出了较为常用的两种美国环保署关于石化企业VOCs泄漏排放量的估算模型。     

过程安全管理关键要素——测量和指标探讨

介绍了过程安全管理关键要素"测量和指标"的主要内容,探讨了过程安全绩效指标的重要性、原理、分级、设置和用途,并以变更管理为例列举了过程安全绩效指标示例,为过程安全绩效指标设置提供借鉴。     

水污染源解析技术与应用研究进展

阐述了水污染源解析的概念,将水污染源解析方法归纳总结为基于污染负荷估算的方法、基于污染潜力指数的方法及基于源受体污染物特征的方法 3种类型,并分别概述了各种方法的特点,综述了国内外水污染源解析研究的类型与应用进展。最后指出了我国水污染源解析研究在基础资料、研究对象及方法上存在的问题,提出了未来的研究重点。     

海绵状零价铁修复硝酸盐污染地下水试验研究

研究以50~100目的海绵状铁粉为还原剂,采用静态试验方法,研究了铁对硝酸盐氮的还原作用及其影响因素,分析了铁粉用量、铁炭比、pH值、硝酸盐氮初始浓度、温度以及铁粉表面预处理对硝酸盐去除率的影响。试验结果表明,最佳铁氮质量比为400∶1,铁粉投入过多对硝酸盐的去除率没有进一步促进;活性炭的加入有助于零价铁(Fe0)还原硝酸盐,降低反应后溶液中的NH+4-N浓度,试验最佳的铁炭比为1∶2;溶液的初始pH值降低有利于硝酸盐氮的去除;硝酸盐氮初始浓度越大,反应的平均速率越高;升高温度和酸洗预处理,有利于提高硝酸盐的去除率;产物分析表明,试验过程中,去除的NO-3-N含量中约60%以上转化为NH+4-N,NO-2-N浓度很低。     

Review of the influencing factors of secondary organic aerosol formation and aging mechanism based on photochemical smog chamber simulation methods

The formation and aging mechanism of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and its influencing factors have attracted increasing attention in recent years because of their effects on climate change, atmospheric quality and human health. However, there are still large errors between air quality model simulation results and field observations. The currently undetected components during the formation and aging of SOA due to the limitation of current monitoring techniques and the interactions among multiple SOA formation influencing factors might be the main reasons for the differences. In this paper, we present a detailed review of the complex dynamic physical and chemical processes and the corresponding influencing factors involved in SOA formation and aging. And all these results were mainly based the studies of photochemical smog chamber simulation. Although the properties of precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxidants (such as OH radicals), and atmospheric environmental factors (such as NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, light intensity, temperature, humidity and seed aerosols) jointly influence the products and yield of SOA, the nucleation and vapor pressure of these products were found to be the most fundamental aspects when interpreting the dynamics of the SOA formation and aging process. The development of techniques for measuring intermediate species in SOA generation processes and the study of SOA generation and aging mechanism in complex systems should be important topics of future SOA research.     

ACES的合成及其在军团菌培养上的应用

介绍了一种将氯乙酰胺和牛磺酸反应，一步法合成Ｎ－（２－乙酰胺基）－２－氨基乙烷磺酸的新方法，所得产物为白色结晶 ，产率为４５％－５５％，以此ＡＣＥＳ配制的ＢＣＹＥα培养基与进口的ＡＣＥＳ配制的增减基相比，两者在军团菌培养上效果十分接近。     

峨嵋山冷杉衰亡与酸性降水关系的初步研究

本文报道了峨嵋山高海拔地区冷杉衰亡与酸性降水关系的调查和研究,内容包括酸性降水和气态污染物状况的观察,冷杉枝叶生长状况和针叶解剖,树干解剖和根系观察,冷杉冠层对酸性降水的反应及酸性降水在生态系统中的变化,土壤和冷杉的元素分析等方面,并就酸性降水对冷杉衰亡的影响进行了初步评价结果指出,峨嵋山高海拔地区的酸性降水污染严重,雨水的平均pH值为1.37,酸雨频率达85.1:雾水的pH值为1.62,酸雾频率达100 有可能对冷杉产生直接和间接影响。      

模糊ISODATA聚类在矿山环境评价中的应用

矿山开采一方面繁荣了一方经济,另一方面也对生态环境造成了破坏和污染。被破坏和污染的矿山环境需要治理,治理的前提是如何适时监测和正确评价矿山环境。本文运用模糊数学中的模糊ISODATA聚类．建立模糊关系矩阵,使问题从地质变量空间向评语空间转换,通过对云南个旧某地区的废弃矿区土壤进行测试,应用该方法进行地质环境评价,提供了科学合理的治理依据。