Energy consumption and carbon emission for tourism transport in World Heritage Sites: a case of the Wulingyuan area in China

Transport profoundly affects energy use and carbon dioxide emissions in the tourism sector. The Wulingyuan Scenic Area (WSA), a natural heritage destination in China, is chosen for the case study. The energy consumption and carbon emission of 10 types of tourism transportation modes at the destination are measured and analyzed using a bottom‐up approach for the period of 1979 to 2010. Scenarios were created to project the effects of single and multiple factors on energy consumption and carbon emission by tourism transportation during 2011‐2020. The results showed the following: (a) there is a large difference in energy consumption and carbon emission per capita and per kilometer per capita among the 10 vehicle modes; (b) the monthly energy consumption and carbon emission of tourism transportation differed significantly, the month with the highest (October) are respectively 6.8 and 4 times that of the lowest month (January); (c) the highest annual growth rate of energy consumption and carbon emission are respectively as 32.16% and 27.98% during 1979‐2010; and (d) the amount of energy consumption and carbon emission in the multiple factor scenarios are lower than that in the reference and single factor scenarios during 2011‐2020.     

含聚污水悬浮固体含量测定方法改进

采用石油天然气行业标准推荐的滤膜法测定油田含聚合物采出水(简称含聚污水)中悬浮固体含量时,过滤时间长而测定值偏高。文章分析了新疆油田含聚污水中固相颗粒物的分布特点,考察了滤膜法存在的问题及影响因素:残余聚合物含量、聚合物分子量、温度等,考察了水中残余聚合物浓度与滤膜截留量的关系,建立了适合含聚污水中悬浮固体含量的测定方法——高速剪切法,验证了该方法的精密度,并以新疆油田现场聚驱和二元复合驱采出水为对象,评价新方法的有效性。     

基于全基因组预测莱茵衣藻的新miRNA及其靶基因

莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)是一种重要的模式生物,其miRNA的发现相对较晚.为系统化地预测分析莱茵衣藻的miRNA,采用比较基因组和同源比对相结合的方法,根据mi Rbase中已知的莱茵衣藻miRNA序列以及前体的特点,并且基于莱茵衣藻的全基因组对其miRNA的前体序列和成熟miRNA进行系统的分析和筛选,使用unigene和JGI的莱茵衣藻相关序列数据库对预测结果进行靶基因预测和功能的分析.最终发现可能存在的miRNA 36条,其前体结构符合miRNA前体的基本特征且具有高度的同源性,两个数据库所得相匹配靶基因分别为64和32条,其中部分是与莱茵衣藻各项生命活动相关的基因.本研究表明莱茵衣藻的基因组中具有可能存在的新miRNA家族,并且部分有高度匹配的靶基因,为其后续研究提供了可靠的理论支持.     

沉积物中重金属Pb和Cd对河蚬的毒性效应研究

以河蚬为受试生物,以存活率、呼吸抑制率为测试终点,研究了沉积物和上覆水中重金属Pb、Cd对底栖生物的毒性效应,并探讨了沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(acid volatile sulfide,AVS)和同时提取金属(simultaneously extracted metals,SEM)对重金属生物有效性的影响。结果表明,沉积物中Pb、Cd对河蚬致死效应较低,当Pb、Cd浓度分别为400、100 mg獉kg-1,连续暴露21 d时,致死率低于20%;沉积物中Pb、Cd对河蚬14 d的呼吸抑制率EC50分别为519和151 mg獉kg-1;上覆水中Pb和Cd离子浓度较低,对生物毒性效应贡献可以忽略;SEM/AVS值和生物呼吸抑制率有着明显的线性相关性,当SEMPb/AVS1,SEMCd/AVS0.6时,重金属对河蚬有明显的毒性效应。     

Bioretention for removal of nitrogen: processes,operational conditions,and strategies for improvement

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As one of the low-impact development measures, bioretention plays an important role in reducing the runoff peak flow and minimizing runoff pollutants,...     

典型页岩气油基钻屑的组成分析及危害评价

分别从重庆某两个页岩气井场选取水平井油基钻屑(A)和直井油基钻屑(B)样品,详细分析其基本性质及组成。结果表明:油基钻屑由72.78%~81.34%的灰分、14.14%~26.21%的有机物和1.01%~4.52%的水分组成。灰分来源于钻井液中的无机添加剂和钻头破碎的岩石碎屑,主要成分为CaCO_3、BaSO_4、SiO_2和Fe_2O_3。有机物来源于调制钻井液的基础油和各类有机添加剂,主要成分为烷烃、多环芳烃、苯系物和烯烃。碱性盐、重金属和有机物是油基钻屑中的三类有害物质,且其危害依次增加,若不加以有效处置,将对当地生态环境和人类健康造成持久性破坏。     

Effects of synthesis methods on catalytic activities of CoOx–TiO2 for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NO

A series of cobalt doped TiO_2(Co-TiO_2) and Co Oxloaded TiO_2(Co/TiO_2) catalysts prepared by sol–gel and impregnation methods respectively were investigated on selective catalytic reduction with NH_3(NH_3-SCR) of NO. It was found that Co-TiO_2 catalyst showed more preferable catalytic activity at low temperature range. From characterization results of XRD,TEM, Raman and FT-IR, Co species were proved to be doped into TiO_2 lattice by replaced Ti atoms. After being characterized and analyzed by NH_3-TPD, PL, XPS, EPR and DRIFTS, it was found that the better NH_3-SCR activities of Co-TiO_2 catalysts, compared with Co/TiO_2 catalyst, were ascribed to the formation of more oxygen vacancies which further promoted the production of more superoxide ions(O-2). The superoxide ions were crucial for the formation of low temperature SCR reaction intermediates(NO-3) by reacting with adsorbed NO molecule. Therefore, these aspects were responsible for the higher low temperature NH_3-SCR activity of Co-TiO_2 catalysts.     

城市环境风险评价——基于113个环境保护重点城市分析

基于2014年113个环境保护重点城市的环境风险源和环境风险受体数据,构建环境风险评价指标体系,采用因子分析和聚类分析,对案例城市进行环境风险水平评价和环境风险类型分类。结果显示,从环境风险空间分布角度,东部城市环境风险水平两极化严重,主要影响因素是污染物排放水平的差异;西部城市环境风险处于中等偏高水平;中部城市环境风险处于中等水平;东北城市环境风险偏高,需要尽快转变经济发展结构。根据环境风险类型分布,识别出6类环境风险管理重点城市及其风险管理重点方向。资源型城市和一线城市环境风险管理的重点是污染治理,经济发展相对落后城市环境风险管理的重点是风险抵御,其余城市需要进行环境风险综合预防和管理。     

基于CVM的城市环境价值评价研究——以中国34个城市为例

随着城市经济的增长,人们生活水平的提高,城市环境也受到了严重的破坏。近些年来,区域环境事件层出不穷,城市环境问题越来越受到社会各界的关注。对城市环境价值进行评价,可以反映城市环境管理的公众参与度,有利于生态文明城市的建设。文章运用条件价值评估法(CVM)对中国各大城市进行了支付意愿的计算,量化并对比分析了各大城市居民的环境支付意愿,最后给出了城市环境管理中公众参与的一些建议。     

基于物质平衡模型的工业汞污染防治环境经济手段分析

我国以行政命令手段为主的环境管理措施并不能完全有效控制环境汞污染,因而有必要引入环境经济手段。本文基于汞在采掘、冶炼和产品生产三个生产环节中的利用、处置与排放特征,构建了经济系统及行业部门的汞物质平衡模型,并发现,单个污染源的汞污染物治理难以保证消除汞的环境危害。因而,采取环境经济手段控制工业汞污染,尽可能少的向环境中排放汞,在涉汞工业系统的层面上提高汞的利用效率和再资源化率。我国工业汞污染防治的环境经济手段包括环境污染价格、税费以及绿色金融两大类,但仅对生产环节高浓度汞排放发挥作用,对于堆存、再提取和处置环节的汞排放则作用不大。对此,应从扩大环境税(排污费)的征收范围,建立长效的绿色金融机制和推进第三方治理低含量含汞废物,这三个方面加以改进。