饱和带有机污染物的厌氧反硝化微生物降解

以卤代烃和芳香烃为代表,通过室内实验模拟饱和带厌氧反硝化环境,对地下饱和带中有机污染物的厌氧反硝化可生物降解性,降解机理,降解动力学方程等进行了研究。实验结果表明,芳香烃较卤代烃易被微生物降解,在有低学葡萄糖存在时有 机物的最大生物降解速率Ｃ６Ｈ６：Ｌｍａｘ＝１７ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,Ｃ７Ｈ８：Ｌｍａｘ＝４６ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,ＣＣｌ４;Ｌｍａｘ＝７ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,ＣＨＣｌ３：Ｌｍａｘ＝６     

石灰消化工艺的研究与优化

主要研究操作条件对石灰消化过程的影响,分析了搅拌强度、石灰粒径、消化水温度、m(H2O)/m(CaO)等主要操作参数对消化的影响。搅拌强度是一个经济值。既要保证溶液充分混和,又要减少能耗和设备磨损;消化速率随着石灰粒径的减小而明显增大;消化过程随着消化水温度的升高而加快;m(H2O)/m(CaO),比率过高或过低都会影响石灰乳的活性和装置的操作。实验结果表明,消化温度是石灰消化过程最重要的参数,以上操作条件都是通过改变消化温度影响石灰消化过程。根据实验得到适宜的操作条件,为实际消化工艺的优化提供参考数据。     

紫外光助O3、H2O2氧化降解炼油废碱水的可行性实验

炼油高浓度有机废碱水是石化行业中很难降解的废水.本实验用光化学氧化技术对其进行了降解研究,比较了紫外光/空气、紫外光/O3、紫外光/空气/H2O2系统的处理效果.结果表明,光化学氧化技术降解此废水是可行的,紫外光可使废水中COD、油、酚的降解率明显提高.当废水中O3的投加量每小时为22 mg/L,或H2O2投加量为1%/L时,UV/O3法与UV/空气/H2O2法的降解效果相近.同时,通过控制O3浓度或H2O2的投加量等条件,可使废水中COD、油、酚和硫化物降解到地方污染物二级排放标准.     

亚铵法麦草浆黑液的回收与污染治理新技术的研究

通过对亚铵法麦草浆黑液性质的研究 ,提出了蒸发浓缩 +生物活性有机肥生产的新技术路线 ,并结合生产实践对该技术加以研究、归纳 ,并进行了经济分析。实践证明 ,运用该技术不仅能实现亚铵法麦草浆黑液的回收和污染治理达标 ,而且能为企业带来可观利润 ,使企业走上可持续发展之路。     

Multiple environmental factors analysis of flash flood risk in Upper Hanjiang River,southern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Identifying the environmental factors and analyzing the causal mechanism of flash floods help to manage the risk. Maximum 24-h precipitation (MP),...     

铜绿微囊藻对有机毒物菲的生理生态响应研究

选取富营养化湖泊蓝藻水华常见优势种铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa,M. aeruginosa）为研究对象,采用室内暴露培养实验考察多环芳烃（Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）化合物菲（Phenanthrene,Phe）对铜绿微囊藻生长及生理特性的影响效应和作用机制。研究结果表明,低浓度Phe（0.05~0.2 mg/L）对铜绿微囊藻细胞生长有不同程度的促进作用,0.2 mg/LPhe促进作用最为显著（P＜0.05）;高浓度Phe（0.5~1.0 mg/L）显著抑制铜绿微囊藻生长（P＜0.05）。铜绿微囊藻典型生理指标细胞光合作用率（Fv/Fm）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷氨酰胺还原酶（GR）酶活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量同步分析结果显示,低浓度Phe通过增强SOD、GR酶活性,降低铜绿微囊藻细胞内MDA含量,提高藻细胞光合作用率,进而促进细胞增殖;高浓度Phe则通过降低SOD、GR酶活性,增加藻细胞内MDA产量,减弱细胞光合作用,从而抑制细胞生长。对不同暴露时刻藻细胞的生长抑制率进行回归分析可得EC50（半抑制浓度）随着污染暴露时间增加而减低,1day EC50为1.27 mg/L,12day EC50降至0.65 mg/L,即高剂量Phe（0.5~1.0 mg/L）对微囊藻细胞生长的抑制作用随时间延长逐渐增强。结合低剂量浓度下Phe对铜〖JP+2〗绿微囊藻生长的促进作用分析,湖泊生态系统Phe污染长期暴露对铜绿微囊藻生长生理特性及优势种的形成和维持具有不可忽视的作用。其中,铜绿微囊藻细胞主要生理指标SOD与GR对Phe污染胁迫反应灵敏,可用作评价PAHs等有机毒物对浮游藻类生理生态影响的生物标记物     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pueraria lobata</Emphasis> is expanding and endangering in China ecosystems

Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is an aggressive invasive species and has brought great loss world-widely. Though it is originated in China, it has not been considered as a weed in China. While more and more articles report its destructive effects on the native community throughout the whole country. We conducted an experiment to validate whether kudzu could endanger its native ecosystem and wanted to find the reason of its fast spreading from 2008 to 2010. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, water content, irradiance, pH, species number and aboveground biomass in the three sub-communities (Kudzu, Mixed and NonKudzu) were analyzed. Meanwhile, light irradiance and coverage of kudzu at 0, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 m distance from the road surface verge were also measured. The results showed that kudzu evidently lowed the species biodiversity and obviously changed the water, light and nutrient cycles in its expanding area. Kudzu’s rapid expansion is mainly because it can get full available space and light for growth by reason of anthropogenic disturbances. Our results indicated that Kudzu was a potential weed in China if great land changes from human activities are continuing.     

Nanomaterials for water pollution monitoring and remediation

Water shortage and pollution are serious challenges for many countries. Nanomaterials are promising new tools for water quality management due to unique physicochemical properties, high economic benefit, high removal efficiency and environmental friendliness. Here we describe four types of nanomaterials used for water treatment: nanofiltration membranes, photocatalytic nanomaterials, adsorption nanomaterials and reducing nanomaterials. We discuss their properties, applications and mechanisms for pollutant removal. We also review nanomaterials used for water quality monitoring, notably nanomaterials used for the detection of trace pollutants and pathogens. These nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, noble metal nanomaterials and quantum dots.     

用黄姜皂素残渣制备活性炭

以黄姜皂素残渣为原料,用ZnCl2为活化剂制备活性炭,研究了活化温度、活化剂浓度、液固比、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。在活化温度600℃、活化时间90min、ZnCl2质量分数40％、液固比（质量比）4条件下。制备的活性炭碘吸附值为933mg/g,苯酚吸附值为139mg/g,亚甲基蓝脱色力为150mL/g,性能优于对比的商业颗粒活性炭。