Particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in typical urban of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: Characterization,sources and risk assessment

• The sampling was conducted in city on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau for one year. • The groups of PAHs revealed their different environmental fates and migration paths. • Seasonal biomass burning could affect the concentration by long-distance transport. • Industrial sources and traffic emissions were the main contributor of PAHs. • Living in industrial areas or winter had higher health risk by exposure PAHs in PM_2.5. Monthly particle-phase ambient samples collected at six sampling locations in Yuxi, a high-altitude city on the edge of Southeast Asia, were measured for particle-associated PAHs. As trace substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are susceptible to the influences of meteorological conditions, emissions, and gas-particulate partitioning and it is challenging job to precise quantify the source and define the transmission path. The daily concentrations of total PM_2.5-bound PAHs ranged from 0.65 to 80.76 ng/m³, with an annual mean of 11.94 ng/m³. Here, we found that the concentration of PM_2.5-bound PAHs in winter was significantly higher than that in summer, which was mainly due to source and meteorology influence. The increase of fossil combustion and biomass burning in cold season became the main contributors of PAHs, while precipitation and low temperature exacerbated this difference. According to the concentration variation trend of PM_2.5-bound PAHs and their relationship with meteorological conditions, a new grouping of PAHs is applied, which suggested that PAHs have different environmental fates and migration paths. A combination of source analysis and trajectory model supported local sources from combustion of fossil fuel and vehicle exhaust contributed to the major portion on PAHs in particle, but on the Indochina Peninsula the large number of pollutants emitted by biomass burning during the fire season would affect the composition of PAHs through long-range transporting. Risk assessment in spatial and temporal variability suggested that citizens living in industrial areas were higher health risk caused by exposure the PM_2.5-bound PAHs than that in other regions, and the risk in winter was three times than in summer.     

某润滑油污染场地健康风险评估

总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbons, TPH)是烃总量的一个表征,包含各种烃类化合物,对人体具有极大的危害.通过对四川省某润滑油厂拆迁场地采样调查,分析了污染物分布特征,在明确未来规划用途的条件下,用分馏法以高碳石油烃毒性参数对污染地块的石油烃进行了风险评估.结果表明,场地主要污染物为石油烃C10～C40,主要污染区域为生产车间、室外原油堆放区、油桶堆放区、油罐堆放区和废水处理池.不同功能区石油烃C10～C40垂直分布特征不同,同一土壤层不同功能区域石油烃C10～C40污染程度也不同.对不同组成成分的石油烃C10～C40进行风险评估,其评价结果也不同.总的来说HI(脂肪族∶芳香族含量比为100∶0)＜HI(脂肪族∶芳香族含量比为79.4∶20.6)＜HI(脂肪族∶芳香族含量比为0∶100).当脂肪族∶芳香族含量比为100∶0和79.4∶20.6时,石油烃C10～C40总危害商＜1,石油烃C10～C40浓度在人体健康可接受的范围内,不需要进行土壤风险控制值计算;当脂肪族∶芳香族含量比为0∶100时,石油烃C10～C40总危害商＞1,存在非致癌风险;综合非致癌效应的土壤风险控制值为8 168.58 mg·kg-1 .     

甲苯对铁屑降解三氯乙烯的影响

为了探讨甲苯仔任时铁屑降解三氯乙烯（TCE）的有效性及影响因素,考察了铁屑粒径、铁屑预处理方法及甲苯初始质量浓度对TCE降解效果的影响。实验结果表明：选用粒径0．35—0．83mm的铁屑较好;用0．05mol／L的盐酸清洗后的铁屑对TCE的降解效果好于未进行酸洗的铁屑对TCE的降解效果;当m（甲苯）：m（TCE）分别为0,1．2,10．3,18．6时,TCE降解的反应速率常数分别为0．0691,0．0595,0．0458,0．0361h^-1,半衰期分别为10．03,11．65,15．13,19．20h,即随着甲苯初始质量浓度的提高,TCE降解的反应速率常数变小,半衰期变长;铁屑对甲苯具有吸附作用,甲苯的初始质量浓度越高,甲苯吸附量越大。     

Characterization and removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate rejected by nanofiltration

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from wastewater rejected by nanofiltration from a landfill leachate treatment plant was fractionated into humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic (HyI) fractions. It was found that humic substances (HA and FA) composed 75% of the total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of the DOM, with an average molecular weight of about 1000 Da. Elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and acid-base titration observations showed that the HA and FA of the DOM exhibited lower fractions of condensed aromatic functional groups but larger fractions of acidic groups compared with other aquatic DOMs. The properties of HA and FA were similar, but HA exhibited more complete humification, while the HyI fraction had more acidic groups. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 was used to adsorb the DOM in the wastewater along with primary coagulation. Results of bench-scale experiments indicated that the treatment process could effectively remove the DOM and heavy metals while desorption liquid was 10 times more condensed than raw wastewater. Results of desorption and reproducibility tests consolidated the strong application potential of this treatment process as an advanced landfill leachate treatment technology.     

Effects of humic acid on recoverability and fractal structure of alum-kaolin flocs

Particle surface characteristics, floc recoverability and fractal structure of alum-kaolin flocs were investigated using in situ particle image velocimetry (PIV) and microbalance with or without humic acid. Experimental results indicated that the zeta potential of kaolin particle surface after adsorption of humic acid was related with humic acid concentration and its acid-base bu ering capacity. Adsorption of humic acid resulted in more negative electrophoresis on the particle surface. Coagulant dosages for particles to form flocs would increase with increasing humic concentration. PIV was used to evaluate floc structural fragmentation, floc surface erosion as well as recoverability after high shear. It was found that the floc size during the steady phase of growth was small, while the regrowing capability decreased in the presence of humic acid. The recoverability was closely related with floc breakage modes including floc structural fragmentation and floc surface erosion. The fractal dimensions of alum-kaolin flocs by mass-size method based on microbalance would decrease with increasing humic concentration. This study proved that humic acid had adverse influences on the performance of coagulation process.     

固硫剂对煤燃烧过程中硒挥发性的抑制作用

为了解煤中硒在燃烧过程中的动态、煤中可交换阳离子含量对煤中硒挥发性的影响,以及固硫剂对煤中硒挥发性的抑制作用,将煤样进行了逐级化学提取实验、燃烧实验、硒抑制实验、X射线衍射分析以及原子荧光光谱分析.实验结果表明,煤在815℃下燃烧,煤中97%以上的硒挥发.在中低温度下煤中可交换阳离子含量影响硒的挥发性.模拟固定床燃烧试验,815℃下CaO对煤中硒挥发性的抑制率范围在¨.6%～50.7%,平均为36.0%.小型循环流化床燃烧试验,加入CaO后硒在不同粒级流化床灰中配置明显发生变化,细粒飞灰中硒含量明显降低,＜0.0308mm飞灰中硒含量从241 mg·kg^-1降到10 mg·kg^-1.烟道灰中硒含量降到1/4以下,烟道喷淋水中硒含量降低了2个数量级.循环流化床燃烧,CaO对硒挥发性的抑制作用更加明显.固硫剂不仅可以固硫,而且对硒的挥发性也有一定的抑制作用.     

有机负荷对厌氧流化床反应器处理模拟味精废水的影响

在中温(35±1℃)条件下,以新型橡胶颗粒为载体的厌氧流化床(AFB)反应器处理模拟味精废水为研究体系,考察有机负荷(OLR)由2.08 kg/(m3.d)提高到19.20 kg/(m3.d)期间,污染物去除率、胞外聚合物(EPS)含量及其在生物膜和混合液中的分布、生物膜中MLVSS含量及脱氢酶活性等的变化情况。结果表明,随有机负荷增加,污染物去除稳定,COD去除率维持在80%左右;EPS在生物膜中的量大于在混合液中的量,并以蛋白质为主要成分,但其总量呈递减趋势;当有机负荷为19.20 kg/(m3.d)时,生物膜中MLVSS含量约为23.1 mg/g载体,脱氢酶活性则为22.6 mg/(L.h);载体生物膜的生物相以独缩虫属、聚缩虫属、累枝虫属和钟虫等为主。     

Job engagement,perceived organizational support,high‐performance human resource practices,and cultural value orientations: A cross‐level investigation

Drawing on social exchange theory, we developed and tested a cross‐level model of organizational‐level predictors of job engagement. Specifically, we examined the impact of high‐performance human resource (HR) practices on employee engagement and work outcomes. Based on a sample of 605 employees, their immediate supervisors, and HR managers from 130 companies, our results indicated that high‐performance HR practices were directly related to job engagement as well as indirectly related through employees' perceived organizational support. In turn, job engagement was positively related to in‐role performance and negatively related to intent to quit. Culture was found to act as a critical contextual factor, as our results also revealed that the relationship between HR practices and perceived organizational support was stronger when collectivism was high and when power distance orientation was low. Overall, the findings shed new light on the processes and conditions through which employee work‐related outcomes are enhanced owing to high‐performance HR practices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

洋浦开发区污水处理厂污水排海方案的优化选择研究

应用现场勘测和数值模拟相结合的方法，就洋浦开发区污水处理厂排海口位置以及不同处理规模，不同处理程度下排污管道的长度等各种排海方案进行优化选择，并对开发区污水处理厂的建设提出了建议。     

常州市工业大气污染物排放特征研究

通过调查企业生产情况,采用现场实测、模型、排放因子等方法,获得了常州市工业大气污染物的排放量,从行业、排放口高度、空间、时间及重点源所占比例等方面,分析了常州市工业大气污染物的分布特征。结果显示:常州市工业PM、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2、NO_x、CO、NH_3、VOCs排放量分别为3.089、1.348、0.695、5.380、7.077、14.459、0.030、0.848万t;钢铁、水泥、热电、金属制品、化工是常州市大气污染物产生的主要行业;高架源、中架源、低架源排放比例依次增加;11.5%的企业占据了全市排放量的86%以上;SO2等污染物各月排放量基本稳定,PM2.5等上半年排放量波动较大;市区企业的集中排放在不利气象条件下易造成大气污染。