紫外/超声协同灭活隐孢子虫的影响因素及机制

为研究UV/US（Ultraviolet/Ultrasonic,紫外/超声）协同对水中隐孢子虫的灭活机制,采用UV灯（功率为14 W）与US发生器（频率为20 kHz,功率为150 W）组合装置协同灭活隐孢子虫,考察pH、温度、浊度和HA（腐殖酸）对UV/US协同灭活隐孢子虫的影响,并通过SEM（扫描电镜）、蛋白质试验和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测对灭活机制进行了探讨.结果表明:pH对UV/US杀灭隐孢子虫的影响不大,碱性条件下灭活率略高于中性和酸性条件;温度对灭活率有一定影响,5℃下灭活率较低,随温度的上升,灭活率逐渐提高,25℃下10 min灭活率可达99%以上;悬浮物抑制隐孢子虫的灭活,浊度为40 NTU时,UV/US作用25 min的灭活率仅为93.88%;HA对灭活的影响表现为低浓度促进,高浓度抑制;ρ（HA）高于10 mg/L时,继续增大ρ（HA）对隐孢子虫灭活率影响不大.研究显示:UV/US协同作用对隐孢子虫的灭活机制主要是使其卵囊破裂,同时损伤了隐孢子虫胞内的DNA.      

麦饭石吸附氨氮应用研究

主要研究麦饭石应用于吸附氨氮.采用静态吸附法测定麦饭石的吸附离子交换等温线,考察其吸附氨氮的规律,讨论溶液pH值和高温焙烧麦饭石对其吸附氨氮的影响,提出应用不同的溶液浸泡改性天然麦饭石,从而强化其对氨氮的吸附.研究结果表明,麦饭石对氨氮吸附主要由它的活性位和可交换离子决定,其吸附规律可以采用Freundlich等温方程...     

水源热泵的噪声特性与控制研究

近年来,水源热泵机组由于其具有明显的优势在居民楼供热方面应用越来越广泛,但同时也带来了严重的噪声扰民问题。本文以某住宅小区水源热泵机组的噪声治理为例,通过对现场测量数据的处理,着重分析了水源热泵机组的噪声特性。通过对现场检测分析了噪声声源以及噪声传播路径,进而详细阐述了从吸声和隔声两个方面阻断声音传播以及安装阻尼隔振器隔断振动传播路径进行噪声治理的方案,结果证明,此方案是一套有效的控制措施,降噪效果明显,能完全满足国家技术标准的要求。     

油气集输及处理节能减排的实践与探索

通过分析某作业区节能减排的现状、潜力及存在问题,结合典型实例,探讨了油田节能减排的途径和主要方法:应建立和完善各项节能减排制度,在推进能源节约、推行污染减排、加强资源综合利用等方面,实现全方位立体化节能减排。同时,应制定中长期工作规划,淘汰高能耗设备、应用新技术、加大监督检查力度等措施以实现油田企业可持续发展。     

浅谈写实绘画的写意性

由于照相术的发明,写实性绘画陷入窘途,画家在绘画中不断地尝试在写实性绘画中融入写意性。写意性可以分为4个方面来融入,即造型的写意性、感情的写意性、绘画语言的写意性、形式结构的写意性。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the riverine and marine sediments of the Laizhou Bay area, North China

62 riverine and marine sediments were collected from the Laizhou Bay area, where the largest manufacturing base of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in Asia is located. Eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed to investigate the impact of rapidly-developed bromine industries on the regional aquatic system. PBDE concentrations varied largely in riverine sediments. Σ(7)PBDEs (including BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154 and 183) and BDE 209 ranged from 0.01 to 53 ng g(-1) dw and from 0.74 to 285 ng g(-1) dw with a mean value of 4.5 ng g(-1) dw and 54 ng g(-1) dw, respectively, indicating a strong influence of direct pollution discharges from local factories. In marine sediments, Σ(7)PBDEs and BDE 209 ranged from not detected (nd) to 0.66 ng g(-1) dw and from 0.66 to 12 ng g(-1) dw with a mean value of 0.32 ng g(-1) dw and 5.1 ng g(-1) dw, respectively. PBDE concentrations were mostly <10 ng g(-1) dw for Σ(7)PBDEs and <50 ng g(-1) dw for BDE 209, which are at a relatively low level for monitored riverine and coastal sediments around the world. Even at the most contaminated sites in Laizhou Bay area, PBDE concentrations were not among the highest concentrations reported in the literature. Congener compositions were dominated by BDE 209 (57.2-99.9% of the sum of BDE congeners), with minor contributions from penta- and octa-BDE products. Tri- to octa-BDE congeners were well correlated among each other (r > 0.75) and thus sources from similar mixing of penta- and octa-BDE products were suggested in this area. Compared with riverine sediments, a much better correlation between PBDE concentrations with TOC was observed in marine environment. The congener pattern changed and their correlation coefficients among each other were remarkably reduced. Contributions of BDE 28, 47 and 99 to Σ(7)PBDEs were generally the same in almost all the marine sites, while it was distinctively higher for BDE 153. These are probably attributable to several reasons, such as contributions by atmospheric deposition and/or redistribution between particles of various sizes during and/or after fluvial transportation combined with the difference of physiochemical properties of BDE congeners.     

井冈山猴头杜鹃群落特征的研究

以井冈山猴头杜鹃（Rhododendron simiarum）群落5个样地调查资料为基础,对该群落的物种组成、区系成分、群落结构和物种多样性进行了研究,结果表明：群落有维管植物30科43属50种,其中蕨类植物有5科6属6种,裸子植物4科4属4种,被子植物21科33属40种。区系分析显示该植物区系起源古老,地理成分复杂,以热带性成分为主,温带性成分占有一定的比例。群落为复层异龄结构,猴头杜鹃、甜槠（Castanopsis eyrei）、福建柏（Fokienia hodginsii）、台湾松（Pinus taiwanensis）、薯豆（Elaeocarpus japonicus）和白豆杉（Pseudotaxus chienii）为群落的建群种。除Pielou指数外,群落物种多样性指数较低,各样地间多样性指数测值变幅较大;测度猴头杜鹃群落物种多样性时,各种多样性指数基本表现出相同的趋势;总体来看,猴头杜鹃群落物种多样性在群落不同层次的变化规律为：灌木层〉乔木层〉草本层。     

HgCl2对斑马鱼SOD,AChE酶活性和基因相对转录量的影响

以HgCl2为实验毒物,研究其对斑马鱼的毒性效应,经染毒后,分别在第1天和第7天取斑马鱼的肌肉测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性,半定量RT-PCR检测肌肉中乙酰胆碱酯酶、细胞色素P450(CYP 1A)和超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)基因的相对转录量.结果显示HgCl2对斑马鱼的毒性很强...     

卫星热试验舱内污染监测及烘烤出气方法研究

目的通过卫星热试验过程中采取烘烤出气措施后舱体内部污染状况分析,为卫星试验过程中污染控制工作提供有效方法。方法使用石英晶体微量天平(QCM)及真空度测试系统,对星内污染沉积量与真空度进行实时监测,比较卫星高温静置工况前后沉积量与真空度测试量值的变化。结果整个热试验过程中星内污染出气沉积量为1.8×10-5g/cm2,高温静置工况星内污染出气沉积量为5.67×10-6g/cm2,高温静置工况开始前星内真空度为2.9×10-2Pa,第一次高温循环工况开始时星内真空度为2.3×10-3Pa。结论整个高温静置工况星内污染出气沉积量约占整个热试验过程中的30%,且使得星内真空度由10-2Pa的量级降低到10-3Pa的量级,因此高温静置烘烤措施能够有效去除卫星材料出气污染。     

涂装工艺综合/组合环境加速试验研究及应用

本文阐述了实验室综合/组合加速试验的意义和作用,分析了涂装工艺综合/组合加速模拟试验设计的基本要求和方法,选取了6种典型涂装工艺试验样品,开展了实验室单因素试验、多因素综合/组合加速环境试验和自然大气暴露试验的对比研究,结果表明综合/组合加速环境试验具有较好的相关性和加速性。