市场经济下的环境管理手段

环境管理计划型手段向市场型手段过渡是实现我国经济可持续发展的客观要求,分析环境污染与经济增长的矛盾,讨论市场型环境管理原则的变化和微观管理工具的选择,侧重分析开征污染税的宏观经济效应和具体课征途径。     

长江中下游铜矿集中区地层、岩相、古地理控制条件

长江中下游地区铜、铁、金多金属矿床的形成和分布格局明显受特定的层位、岩性、岩相和古地理环境控制．矿床主要赋存于上石炭统黄龙组、下二叠栖霞组、下、中三叠统大冶群和东马鞍山组．而以上石炭统和下、中三叠统为最主要．主矿体都于碎屑岩相向联酸盐岩相或碳酸盐岩相向碎屑岩相的过度部位．上石炭统的矿床多数在碳酸盐浅滩相与泻湖相和浅水盆地相交接处．下、中三叠统的矿床主要分布于浅滩相与泻湖和泻湖相与交接部位．区内晚石炭世威宁期和早、中三叠世奥伦尼期（鄂东南地区）及安尼锡期（苏皖区）广泛形成的白云岩及蒸发岩沉积．与金属矿床的形成和定位关系密切．特别是膏盐层对燕中期岩浆热液的演化与成矿可能有重要作用。     

OH自由基引发光氧化氟氯碳化合物的研究

研究了ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２，ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２，ＣＦＣ－１２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＣＦＣ－１２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２４个体系的光化学反应，这些体系在低压尔照射下，Ｈ２Ｏ２产生了ＯＨ自由基，ＯＨ自由基能引发ＣＦＣ的光氧化反应，其产物在２０ｍ长的漪避用富叶红外光谱仪测量，发现在ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２体系中有ＣＯＦＣｌ，ＣＯ２和ＨＣｌ，而在ＣＦＣ－１２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＣＦＣ－１２＋     

Photooxidation of hydrochlorofluocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons initiated by OH radicals

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Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600℃. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

基于隧道法的机动车对上海城市大气环境中氨的源排放贡献研究

以上海交通最为繁忙的隧道之一的邯郸路隧道为研究对象,设计了隧道内(进口、中段、出口)机动车NH_3排放因子测定实验和隧道外(垂直于隧道口310 m范围内)机动车NH_3排放环境扩散梯度实验。隧道内实验结果表明,隧道出口的ρ(NH_3)分别是隧道进口和外围环境质量浓度的5倍和11倍,机动车NH_3排放因子(平均值±标准差)为(28±5)mg/km。据此估算,2014年上海机动车的NH_3排放总量约为1 300 t,占该市NH_3排放量的12%。梯度实验表明,邯郸路隧道出口处的机动车NH_3排放一旦扩散到大气中,其对环境的影响强度在短短数十米内迅速降低,超过150 m的范围后影响基本趋同。证实了在交通路网密集的城市,机动车是大气环境NH_3的重要来源,进而对城市颗粒物污染有潜在贡献。     

泉州湾河口湿地秋茄红树林中重金属的分布、迁移和储量

分析了泉州湾洛阳江河口湿地秋茄林及其根际沉积物中重金属元素的含量及根际沉积物中酸可提取态重金属元素含量,讨论了秋茄林-沉积物系统中重金属元素的分布、富集与迁移特征及其在秋茄林中的储量.根际沉积物中重金属元素总量及酸可提取态含量的顺序分别为:Fe>Mn>Zn>V>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni>Co>Cd和Fe>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cu>V>Cr>Ni>Co>Cd.与该海域应执行的《海洋沉积物质量标准》(GB1868—2002)一类标准限值相比,研究区沉积物中Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、Cr的样品超标率分别为100%、100%、90%、70%和10%.相关性分析结果表明,根际沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Co、Ni可能存在相同的人为源和相似的环境行为,而Fe、Mn的来源及行为与其它元素有较大不同.各元素在秋茄树各部位的平均富集系数均小于1.多数重金属元素在秋茄树不同部位的富集系数顺序为:根>叶>枝,Mn为:叶>枝>根,而Cu和Pb为:根>枝>叶.秋茄树中重金属元素从根到叶的平均迁移系数顺序为:Mn(7.44)>Zn(0.94)>Cu(0.71)>Cr(0.68)>Cd(0.63)>V(0.50)>Ni(0.46)>Co(0.41)>Pb(0.37)>Fe(0.21).     

Degradation kinetics of terephthalic acid wastewater with the hybrid strains constructed with Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The degradation kinetic parameters in terephthalic acid (TPA) wastewater for the hybrid strains of Fhh and Fhhh obtained through the protoplast fusion of the fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y99, and the native bacteria YZ1 were measured in this research. The highest level of the specific degradation rate for Fhhh and Fhh during 20h reaction were 0.2238 and 0.2163 h^‐1, which were higher than that of their three parental strains and that of the anaerobic bacteria reported. It suggested that the abilities of growth and degradation for Fhh and Fhhh in TPA wastewater were better than their three parental strains. They could create potentials for the purification of TPA wastewater with higher efficiency.     

Digital PCR: a powerful new tool for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis?

Recent reports have indicated that digital PCR may be useful for the noninvasive detection of fetal aneuploidies by the analysis of cell-free DNA and RNA in maternal plasma or serum. In this review we provide an insight into the underlying technology and its previous application in the determination of the allelic frequencies of oncogenic alterations in cancer specimens. We also provide an indication of how this new technology may prove useful for the detection of fetal aneuploidies and single gene Mendelian disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农业用地土壤污染防治立法的初探

本文论述了农用地土壤污染防治立法的必要性，立法所具备的条件和应解决的几个基本问题。