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191.
In Chul Kong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(5):889-894
This investigation was to assess the joint effects of metal binary mixtures on seed germination,root and shoot growth,bacterial bioluminescence,and gene mutation based on the one toxic unit(1 TU)approach.Different sensitivities and orders of toxicity of metal mixtures were observed among the bioassays.In general,mostly additive or antagonistic effects were observed,while almost no synergistic effects by the binary metal mixtures in all bioassays.Therefore,the combined effects of heavy metals in the different bioassays were difficult to generalize since they were dependent on both chemical type and the organism used in each bioassay.However, these results indicate that a battery of bioassays with mixture chemicals as opposed to just a single assay with single metal is a better strategy for the bioassessment of environmental pollutants. 相似文献
192.
Xue Bai Qinhe Zhang Jianhua Zhang Dezheng Kong Tingyi Yang 《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2013,15(4):474-482
Powder mixed near dry electrical discharge machining (PMND-EDM) is a novel electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. It is proposed to further improve the machining efficiency of dry EDM. The principle of material removal in PMND-EDM is illustrated and its deionization principle is proposed. The influence of residual heat on MRR is analyzed. The concept of superfluous residual heat is proposed. The material removal rate (MRR), the main index of machining efficiency for PMND-EDM process, is researched. Single factor experiments are performed to get effect of peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, flow rate, tool rotational speed, air pressure and powder concentration on MRR under different material combinations of tool electrode and workpiece electrode. Thermal phenomena in PMND-EDM are illustrated. Effect of each process parameter on MRR of PMND-EDM is gotten and analyzed based on the deionization principle of PMND-EDM. Differences in MRR under different material combinations are found out. Brass tool electrode and W18Cr4V workpiece gain higher MRR under most of discharge conditions, while the superiority of copper tool electrode and 45 carbon steel workpiece in MRR arise when there is improper heat dissipation. The difference is analyzed based on the deionization principle of PMND-EDM. 相似文献
193.
目的设计可用于大气边界层范围的大气污染观测平台。方法使用多旋翼无人机作为载体,集成多种大气污染物和气象要素的便携式检测设备,组建无人机观测平台。通过地面比对实验,保障所搭载的设备数据可靠,通过与大载荷系留气艇平台的垂直比对实验验证平台集成后的数据可靠性。结果对于重点观测指标PM_(2.5)而言,无人机和系留气艇所获取的垂直廓线表现出良好的一致性,各个航次的R2最低值为0.762,多数航次的组内相关系数为0.94以上。在2017年12月18日的案例中,无人机的观测数据表明,早上的大气垂直结构呈现了明显分层,0~200 m高度较为稳定的大气层结阻碍了污染物向上扩散,导致了近地面PM_(2.5)80μg/m~3的较高浓度,而下午的观测数据有助于解释污染消散。结论文中搭建的多旋翼无人机平台可以用于0~1000 m范围内的边界层观测,尽管个别航次数据和系留气艇平台仍存在差异,但现有观测结果已表明,该平台有助于研究人员了解污染事件的发生和消散,可以进一步推广应用。 相似文献
194.
Yiding M Zongshuang Wang Yufei Tan Shu Xu Shaofei Kong Gang Wu Xuefang Wu Hong Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(5):339-353
To compare the inorganic chemical compositions of TSP(total suspended paniculate),PM_(10)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) and PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) in southern and northern cities in China,atmospheric particles were synchronously collected in Dalian(the northern city)and Xiamen(the southern city) in spring and autumn of 2004.The mass concentrations,twenty-three elements and nine soluble ions were assessed.The results show that in Dalian,the mass concentrations of Mg,Al,Ca,Mn and Fe in spring were 4.0-10.1,2.6-8.0,4.1-12,1.2-3.6 and 2.9-7.9 times higher,respectively,than those in Xiamen.The dust storm influence is more obvious in Dalian in spring.However,in Xiamen,heavy metals accounted for 13.9%-17.9%of TSP,while heavy metals contributed to 5.5%-9.3%of TSP in Dalian.These concentrations suggest that heavy metal pollution in Xiamen was more serious.In addition,the concentrations of Na~+,Cl~-,Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) were higher in Dalian due to the influence of marine aerosol,construction activities and soil dust.The NO~(3-)/SO_4~(2-) ratios in Dalian(0.25-0.49) were lower than those in Xiamen(0.51-0.62),indicating that the contributions of vehicle emission to particles in Xiamen were higher.Coefficient of divergence values was higher than 0.40,implying that the inorganic chemical composition profiles for the particles of Dalian and Xiamen were quite different from each other. 相似文献
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196.
通过简要回顾生态保护工作的发展历程,将生态保护学划分为自然保护学和生态保护学两个阶段。从研究对象及性质、内容与分支、学科基础、学科体系,论述了《环境保护学》的建设和发展,并指明了生态保护学的地位、作用及发展趋势。 相似文献
197.
Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were investigated at eight sampling sites during cold periods where heating is used (heating period) (February to March, 2005) and warm periods where heating is not required (non-heating periods) (August to September 2006) in the urban area of Anshan, an iron and steel city in northeastern China. Eleven PAH species were measured using GC-MS. The total average concentrations of PAHs ranged from 46.14 to 385.60 ng m(-3) in the heating period and from 5.28 to 146.40 ng m(-3) in the non-heating period. The lowest concentration of ∑PAHs was observed at Qianshan, a monitoring site far from the city and industrial area, and the highest concentration occurred in the site located at the factory area of Anshan Iron and Steel Incorporation. Moreover, ambient PAH profiles were studied and high molecular weight PAH (including 4-6 rings) species occurred in the high fractions. Toxic equivalent factors analysis gave the potential carcinogenic risks in Anshan. For the heating sampling period, BaP equivalent concentration is in the range of 41.98 to 220.83 ng m(-3), and 9.23 to 126.00 ng m(-3) for the non-heating sampling period. By diagnostic ratio analysis, traffic emission and combustion (coal or biomass) were potential sources for PAHs in Anshan. Finally, PCA results indicated the major sources were vehicle emission, steel industry emission, and coal combustion for both heating and non-heating seasons, which agreed with the results from the diagnostic ratio analysis. 相似文献
198.
供水管网的漏损控制管理是城市水资源管理以及节水管理中的重要环节,东京作为国际上管网漏损控制最优秀的城市之一,漏损率从1955年战后恢复时期的20%控制到2007年的3.3%。多年来,东京在漏损控制技术和管理方面积累了丰富的优秀经验,并且建立了完善的供水管网漏损预防管理体系,指出为了保证有效的漏损控制和预防,必须做到以下四个方面,即准确掌握管网属性信息、重视管网的维护和更新、不断发展漏损控制与预防技术及重视人力资源管理及人才培养。东京成功的漏损控制经验可以从管理体制、管理手段、技术研发、人才培养等方面对中国的供水管网漏损管理及节水管理提供有益的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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