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201.
铬渣产量大、毒性剧烈,是严重污染环境和危害人类健康的危险废物。铬渣的环境污染问题已经引起了国家的高度重视,要求2010年底前,所有历史堆存铬渣实现无害化处理。铬渣堆放所产生的含铬渗滤波已对周围的土壤、地下水乃至居民身体健康造成危害。因此,在铬渣得到治理的同时,含铬渗滤液必须得到有效治理。系统评述了铬渣渗滤液的各种治理技术和应用现状,并展望了含铬废水处理技术的发展前景。 相似文献
202.
Exploring uncertainty of the change from ICD-9 to ICD-10 on acute mortality effects of air pollution
Qian Z He Q Lin HM Kong L Liao D Gong J Bentley CM Wei H 《Environment international》2008,34(2):248-253
The change in ICD coding from ICD-9 to ICD-10 may produce inconsistencies and discontinuities in cause-specific mortality, thus impacting on effects estimates of air pollution on mortality. The current study was conducted in Wuhan, China. We examined the concordant rates and Kappa statistics using the mortality data from the year 2002 coded with both ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes and compared the estimated effects of air pollution using the Generalized Additive Model in R. We found high concordant rates (>99.3%) and Kappa statistics close to 1.0 (>0.98). Little difference was identified in the estimated effects of air pollution on daily cardiovascular, stroke, cardiac, cardiopulmonary, and respiratory mortality. This study provides evidence that, based on the wide definitions of cause-specific morality typically used in the studies of time-series air pollution mortality, the change in the ICD coding does not significantly affect the estimated effects of air pollution. 相似文献
203.
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205.
Heterogeneous oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by nano-Fe2O3 was investigated on a fixed bed reactor, and the e ects of oxygen
concentration, bed temperature, water vapour concentration and particle size have been discussed. The results showed that Hg0 could
be oxidized by active oxygen atom on the surface of nano-Fe2O3 as well as lattice oxygen in nano-Fe2O3. Among the factors that
a ect Hg0 oxidation by nano-Fe2O3, bed temperature plays an important role. More than 40% of total mercury was oxidized at 300°C,
however, the test temperature at 400°C could cause sintering of nano-catalyst, which led to a lower e ciency of Hg0 oxidation. The
increase of oxygen concentration could promote mercury oxidation and led to higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency. No obvious mercury
oxidation was detected in the pure N2 atmosphere, which indicates that oxygen is required in the gas stream for mercury oxidation. The
presence of water vapour showed di erent e ects on mercury oxidation depending on its concentration. The lower content of water
vapour could promote mercury oxidation, while the higher content of water vapour inhibits mercury oxidation. 相似文献
206.
Cyanobacteria, specifically Microcystis, usually form massive blooms in eutrophic freshwater lakes. Cyanobacterial samples were collected from eight sites of both Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu in late summer to determine the diversity and distribution pattern of cyanobacteria and Microcystis in large, shallow, entropic lakes with significant spatial heterogeneity and long-term Microcystis bloom. Molecular methods based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analysis were used. A similar heterogeneous distribution pattern of cyanobacteria in both lakes was observed. Most parts of these two lakes with high trophic level were dominated by Microcystis. However, in the regions with low trophic levels as well as low concentrations of chlorophyll a, Synechococcus occupied a considerable percentage. Different morphospecies and genotypes dominated the bloom-forming Microcystis populations in these two lakes. Microcystis viridis and Microcystis novacekii were dominant in Lake Chaohu, whereas Microcystis flos-aquae was dominant in Lake Taihu. Only 2 of the13 Microcystis operational taxonomic units were shared between these two lakes. Analysis of molecular variance based on 16S to 23S internal transcribed spacer sequences indicated the significant genetic differentiation of Microcystis between these two lakes (Fst = 0.19, p < 0.001). However, only 19.46% of the genetic variability was explained by the population variation between lakes, whereas most (80.54%) of the genetic variability occurred within the lakes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no phylogeographic structure of Microcystis population in these two lakes, as illustrated by their cosmopolitan nature. Our results revealed that spatial heterogeneity within lakes has more impact on the cyanobacterial diversity than geographical isolation in a local scale. 相似文献
207.
以掺硼金刚石(BDD)作电极的自制电解槽装置处理医院污水的消毒效果。在全回流处理模式下消毒处理医院废水,采用多管发酵法测定粪大肠菌群数。掺硼金刚石(BDD)作电极,在电极间距为2mm、医院污水Cl-浓度为200mg/L、pH值在7.0~8.0范围内、电流密度8mA/cm2、接触时间≥9s的条件下,对医院污水粪大肠菌群的去除率最佳,出水满足《医疗机构污水排放标准值》粪大肠菌群数均不得超过500MPN/L。掺硼金刚石(BDD)作电极的自制电解槽装置处理医院污水不需要添加化学药剂,对粪大肠菌群消毒效果好。 相似文献
208.
Kong Shuai Shen Chong Meng Qin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(14):20593-20602
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The extensive application of chemically synthesized anionic surfactants would cause serious pollution of water and increase health risk to humans.... 相似文献
209.
Yin Li Wang Juan Shi Kaipian Zhang Yong Xu Ying Kong Desheng Ni Lixiao Li Shiyin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(55):83211-83219
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The protective mechanism of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secreted by a harmful cyanobacteria against tannins allelochemicals was explored... 相似文献
210.
稻瘟酰胺在水/沉积物中的降解及生物富集性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
稻瘟酰胺是一种新型内吸型杀菌剂,其在水体环境中的归趋备受关注。采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了稻瘟酰胺在水-沉积物中的降解特性和在斑马鱼中的生物富集性。结果表明,在水-沉积物降解中,好氧条件下河流与湖泊水-沉积物系统中农药总量的降解半衰期分别为169.1、60.3 d,厌氧条件下的降解半衰期分别为173.3、126.0 d,湖泊体系的降解速率快于河流体系。稻瘟酰胺在水-沉积物体系中主要存在于沉积物中,系统降解速率主要受沉积物中的降解速率影响。稻瘟酰胺在斑马鱼中的生物富集系数BCF_(8d)达64.8~189.1,具有中等富集性。稻瘟酰胺在水体环境中具有较强稳定性,且具有一定的生物富集性,可能会对水体和水体生物造成一定的污染影响。 相似文献