新疆老山口金矿岩浆隐爆角砾岩地质地球化学

新疆东准噶尔老山口金矿区发育有与金矿化密切有关的次火山闪长玢岩及与之密切伴生的闪长玢岩质隐爆角砾岩和闪斜煌斑岩质隐爆角砾岩 ,它们是在陆相火山作用下由同源岩浆分异演化而形成的产物。角砾岩具有浅成—超浅成环境及热塑、高压释放状态下的成岩特征。角砾岩的角砾、胶结物和次火山岩三者的岩石类型、岩相学特征和地球化学特征基本一致 ,具有稀土总量较低 ,轻稀土相对富集 ,重稀土相对亏损 ,铕异常不明显 ,大离子亲石元素相对富集 ,高场强元素相对亏损等特征。结合其构造背景、地质产状、岩石学和地球化学特征分析 ,这套岩石来源于受俯冲洋壳释放富含大离子亲石元素或强不相容元素流体交代过的亏损地幔楔。     

硫代磷酸二乙酯加热水解的研究

在二升高压釜中,氮气氛条件下研究了有机磷农药废水的主要污染物质——硫代磷酸二乙酯(浓度为100ppm)的水解动力学.运用气相色谱法,在pH2—4,温度140—190℃范围,得到不同条件下的一级反应速率常数k,获得pH、温度与反应速率常数的关系,并对硫化磷酸二乙酯的水解条件进行了讨论.     

深井曝气法中空气量的计算

从垂直气液两相流运行动力学角度,提出深井工艺设计中空气量的计算方法。经验证,用此法计算出的风量、风压,可以在工程设计中较合理地选用空压机或鼓风机。     

水环境中痕量有机有害物质的监测

论述了水中有机有害物质的监测,实质上是一项复杂系统的痕量分析课题。重点评述了痕量富集、色谱分离与监测、综合分析的主要进展。     

Mapping afforestation and deforestation from 1974 to 2012 using Landsat time-series stacks in Yulin District, a key region of the Three-North Shelter region, China

The Three-North Shelter Forest Program is the largest afforestation reconstruction project in the world. Remote sensing is a crucial tool to map land use and land cover change, but it is still challenging to accurately quantify the change in forest extent from time-series satellite images. In this paper, 30 Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+ epochs from 1974 to 2012 were collected, and the high-quality ground surface reflectance (GSR) time-series images were processed by integrating the 6S atmosphere transfer model and a relative reflectance normalization algorithm. Subsequently, we developed a vegetation change tracking method to reconstruct the forest change history (afforestation and deforestation) from the time-series Landsat GSR images based on the integrated forest z-score (IFZ) model by Huang et al. (2009a), which was improved by multi-phenological IFZ models and the smoothing processing of IFZ data for afforestation mapping. The mapping result showed a large increase in the extent of forest, from 380,394 ha (14.8 % of total district area) in 1974 to 1,128,380 ha (43.9 %) in 2010. Finally, the land cover and forest change map was validated with an overall accuracy of 89.1 % and a kappa coefficient of 0.858. The forest change time was also successfully retrieved, with 22.2 % and 86.5 % of the change pixels attributed to the correct epoch and within three epochs, respectively. The results confirmed a great achievement of the ecological revegetation projects in Yulin district over the last 40 years and also illustrated the potential of the time-series of Landsat images for detecting forest changes and estimating tree age for the artificial forest in a semi-arid zone strongly influenced by human activities.     

Biosorption properties of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus and determined by polarographic method

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus using cationic exchange resin technique. The EPS were mainly composed of polysaccharide and low quantities of protein and nucleic acid. Biosorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) of EPS was investigated as a function of pH using differential pulse polarography and the Ruzic model. Results showed that the EPS biosorption capacity determined using either the direct titration curves i?=?f(C _M) or the method proposed by Ruzic (Analytica Chimica Acta 140:99–113, 1982) were coincident. Cu(II) had the highest affinity with EPS followed by Pb(II) and Cd(II). The total number of binding sites for Cu(II) and Cd(II) increased with pH in the range of 4.0–7.0. Similar trend was observed for Pb(II) at pH?4.0–5.0, while precipitates were observed at pH?6.0 and 7.0. The conditional binding constants of these three metals displayed low levels of fluctuation with pH and ranged from 4.02?±?0.02 to 5.54?±?0.05.     

内电解组合工艺处理重度富营养化水体的初步中试试验

采用催化铁内电解-沸石床-生物活性炭组合工艺进行了处理重度富营养化水的中试试验.通过对进水与出水浊度、TP、CODMn、UV254、总铁、NH3-N、和NO2--N的监测,研究了本组合工艺对重度富营养化水体的处理性能.试验期间,水温约在10℃.初步结果表明,本组合工艺对浊度、TP、CODMn和UV254均有较好的去除作用,平均去除率达到50%以上,出水中铁含量均低于进水.由于水温过低,未观察到氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的明显变化.     

施用农药人员的安全与防护——ASTMF2669《旋用农药人员用防护服性能标准》介绍

本文主要介绍了ASTMF2669-2009《施用农药人员用防护服性能标准》的分级和检测要求、防护服材料性能要求、材料的抗渗透性指标等,并就施药人员的安全与防护以及完善防护服标准体系提出建议．以为我国广大相关领域人员了解标准和应用标准提供帮助．     

Evaluating the difference between the normalized difference vegetation index and net primary productivity as the indicators of vegetation vigor assessment at landscape scale

Both the net primary productivity (NPP) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are commonly used as indicators to characterize vegetation vigor, and NDVI has been used as a surrogate estimator of NPP in some cases. To evaluate the reliability of such surrogation, here we examined the quantitative difference between NPP and NDVI in their outcomes of vegetation vigor assessment at a landscape scale. Using Landsat ETM+ data and a process model, the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator, NPP distribution was mapped at a resolution of 90 m, and total NDVI during the growing season was calculated in Heihe River Basin, Northwest China in 2002. The results from a comparison between the NPP and NDVI classification maps show that there existed a substantial difference in terms of both area and spatial distribution between the assessment outcomes of these two indicators, despite that they are strongly correlated. The degree of difference can be influenced by assessment schemes, as well as the type of vegetation and ecozone. Overall, NDVI is not a good surrogate of NPP as the indicators of vegetation vigor assessment in the study area. Nonetheless, NDVI could serve as a fairish surrogate indicator under the condition that the target region has low vegetation cover and the assessment has relatively coarse classification schemes (i.e., the class number is small). It is suggested that the use of NPP and NDVI should be carefully selected in landscape assessment. Their differences need to be further evaluated across geographic areas and biomes.