宜兴市清源污水处理厂升级改造工艺设计

宜兴市清源污水处理厂升级改造工程设计规模5×104m3/d,采用强化生物脱氮、机械微过滤(盘片过滤)工艺,利用现有池容进行内部改造,同时增加深度处理设施,提高出水标准,改造后出水ρ(COD)、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(SS)、ρ(NH3-N)、ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)平均值分别为34,6,5,1.3,10.3和0.36mg/L,各项水质指标均达GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。     

Molecular insight into the population structure of common and spotted dolphins inhabiting the pelagic waters of the Northeast Atlantic

Several cetacean species exhibit fine-scale population structure despite their high dispersal capacities and the apparent continuity of the marine environment. In dolphins, most studies have focused on coastal areas and continental margins, and they revealed differentiated populations within relatively small geographic areas, sometimes in conjunction with a specialisation for different habitats (ecotypes). We analysed the population genetic structure of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) in the Azores and Madeira, the two most isolated archipelagos of the North Atlantic. The archipelago of the Azores is divided into three groups of islands and stands 900 km away from Madeira. It is not known whether individuals migrate between groups of islands and archipelagos, nor whether distinct ecotypes are present. These questions were investigated by genetic analyses of 343 biopsy samples collected on free-ranging dolphins. The analyses consisted in sequencing part of the mitochondrial hyper-variable region, screening up to 14 microsatellite loci, and molecular sexing. Results did not unravel any population structure at the scale of the study area. Lack of differentiation matches expectations for spotted dolphins, which are transient in both archipelagos, but not for common dolphins, which are present year-round in the Azores and potentially resident. Absence of genetic structure over hundreds and even thousands of kilometres implies the existence of gene flow over much larger distances than usually documented in small delphinids, which could be achieved through individual movements. This finding indicates that population structure in oceanic habitat differs from that observed in coastal habitat.     

零价铁/炭去除水中的As(Ⅴ)

将零价铁(ZVI)分别与活性炭,石墨,碳纤维和碳纳米管按照质量比10:1组成电偶腐蚀体系用于水中As(Ⅴ)去除,结果显示零价铁/活性炭组合的去除效果略高于其它组合.XRD测试表明,组合体系中零价铁腐蚀的主要反应产物为纤铁矿,磁铁矿/磁赤铁矿.对零价铁阳极/活性炭阴极不同质量比例的研究表明,1:1时效果最佳.随着电解质浓度升高,As(Ⅴ)去除效率增大,在0.03 mol·1-1 NaCl电解质条件下,初始As(Ⅴ)为5 mg·1-1时,零价铁/活性炭组合与As(Ⅴ)反应2.5 h后,As(Ⅴ)的去除率达到100%.SO2-4,NO-3,CO2-3,SiO4-4,PO3-4等共存阴离子,以及腐殖酸对零价铁/活性炭组合去除As(Ⅴ)影响的研究结果表明,CO2-3,PO3-4和腐殖酸对As(Ⅴ)的去除效率影响不大,SiO4-4具有一定的抑制作用,相反,SO2-4和NO-3表现为明显的促进作用.     

Bioreduction of nitrate in groundwater using a pilot-scale hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor

A long-term pilot-scale H₂-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was tested for removal of nitrate from actual groundwater. A key feature of this second-generation pilot MBfR is that it employed lower cost polyester hollow fibers and still achieved high loading rate. The steady-state maximum nitrate surface loading at which the effluent nitrate and nitrite concentrations were below the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) was at least 5.9 g·N·(m²·d)^?1, which corresponds to a maximum volumetric loading of at least 7.7 kg·N·(m³·d) ^?1. The steady-state maximum nitrate surface area loading was higher than the highest nitrate surface loading reported in the first-generation MBfRs using composite fibers (2.6 g·N·(m²·d)^?1). This work also evaluated the H₂-utilization efficiency in MBfR. The measured H₂ supply rate was only slightly higher than the stoichiometric H₂-utilization rate. Thus, H₂ utilization was controlled by diffusion and was close to 100% efficiency, as long as biofilm accumulated on the polyester-fiber surface and the fibers had no leaks.     

海积平原区某非正规垃圾填埋场地下水氨氮污染模拟研究

本研究结合天津市海积平原区水文地质条件,构建了某非正规垃圾填埋场地下水溶质运移模型,并将该模型用于预测分析垃圾填埋场地下水氨氮污染迁移规律.采用敏感性分析研究了渗透系数、孔隙度和弥散度等参数的变化对模拟结果的影响.模拟评价了地下水氨氮污染抽出处理效果.研究结果表明,氨氮污染羽在10年内最大迁移距离为648 m,污染面积达到368667 m~2,高浓度氨氮污染羽主要分布于南部浅层潜水含水层.抽出处理方案效果不佳,易导致氨氮污染羽的拖尾和反弹效应.本研究可为海积平原区地下水氨氮污染治理、修复提供理论参考和依据.     

油气钻井作业对地下水污染治理研究＊

分析了钻井作业对地下水污染的特点、污染途径,针对性地提出了钻井作业对地下水污染的预防措施,以及污染物处理技术,其中氧化还原技术、气体抽取技术、环境生物技术主要用于有机物污染治理,SRB技术、废弃钻井液固化技术、钻井液转换为水泥浆(MTC)的固井技术可用于处理废弃钻井液。钻井引起的污染治理应以"预防为主,防治结合",切实推行清洁生产和HSE管理。     

Enhanced NOx removal from flue gas by an integrated process of chemical absorption coupled with two-stage biological reduction using immobilized microorganisms

An integrated process of metal chelate absorption coupled with two stage bio-reduction using immobilized cultures has been proposed to continuously removal of NO_x, and the effects of SO₂, NO and O₂ concentration, gas/liquid flow rate on NO_x removal efficiency were investigated. Although nitrogen-containing components, such as Fe(II)EDTA-NO, NO₂^? and NO₃^? in the scrubbing solution, inhibited the bio-reduction of Fe(III)EDTA obviously, it was feasible to abate the inhibition effect by using the two stage bio-reduction system, and thus to improve NO_x removal efficiency. The removal efficiency decreased slowly with the increase of SO₂, O₂, NO concentration and gas flow rate, and increased with the increase of liquid flow rate. Continuously operating for 18 days, a high removal efficiency around 95% was reached by using the two-stage bio-reduction system with immobilized microorganisms, while the value decreased to 85% after 5 days of operation by using the suspended microorganisms, at a constant gas flow rate of 60 L/h containing 424–450 mg/m³ NO, 2428–2532 mg/m³ SO₂ and 3% O₂.     

典型进口废物循环利用技术园区投资建设模式研究

随着社会经济的快速发展、资源及原材料需求量的不断增加,以进口废物为原料进行加工利用的循环经济园区也随之蓬勃发展。循环经济产业园区建设过程中有投资巨大、资本回收周期长、投资主体众多的特点。在考虑经济效益的同时,也要统筹考虑社会效益和环境效益,因此选择何种投资建设模式来指导园区建设具有十分重大的意义。本文通过对国内三省的四个园区投资建设模式的调查研究,分析对比了不同投资建设模式的典型特征,总结概括了不同模式之间的优缺点,为同类园区的开发建设提供了有益参考。     

解读《温室气体自愿减排交易管理暂行办法》

本文对发改委颁布的（《温室气体自愿减排交易管理暂行办法》进行了解读、分析其特点并指出尚需进一步解决的问题。     

干旱胁迫下壳聚糖对玉米幼苗保护酶的影响

干旱条件下,采用喷洒不同浓度的壳聚糖溶液处理玉米幼苗,测定其过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)保护酶活性。结果表明,壳聚糖溶液处理的玉米幼苗保护酶活性较对照组均有一定程度提高,说明干旱胁迫下壳聚糖溶液处理玉米幼苗有利于其生长,为壳聚糖溶液处理玉米幼苗抵抗干旱胁迫的影响提供了理论依据。