纳米二氧化硅对两性生殖和孤雌生殖卤虫无节幼体毒性影响的比较研究

研究了纳米二氧化硅(Nano-SiO_2)悬浮液对美国大盐湖两性生殖型卤虫(Artemia francisana,GSL)和渤海湾孤雌生殖型卤虫(Artemia parthenogenetica,BH)无节幼体的急性毒性和抗氧化酶系统的影响。研究结果表明,Nano-SiO_2对GSL和BH无节幼体24 h-LC50分别为23.02 mg·m L~(-1)和20.96 mg·m L~(-1),属低级毒性。Nano-SiO_2降低了GSL和BH无节幼体还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,抑制了过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,致丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,表明氧化应激反应是导致Nano-SiO_2对卤虫无节幼体致死的作用机制之一。     

Characteristics of the stabilized/solidified municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash and the leaching behavior of Cr and Pb

Fly ash is a hazardous byproduct of municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI). An alkali activated blast furnace slag-based cementitious material was used to stabilize/solidify the fly ash at experimental level. The characteristics of the stabilized/solidified fly ash, including metal leachability, mineralogical characteristics and the distributions of metals in matrices, were tested by toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) respectively. Continuous acid extraction was utilized to extract metal ions and characterize their leaching behavior. The stabilization/solidification procedure for MSWI fly ash demonstrates a strong fixing capacity for the metals by the formation of C-S-H phase, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate and ettringite. The stabilized/solidified fly ash shows a dense and homogeneous microstructure. Cr is mainly solidified in hydrated calcium aluminosilicate, C-S-H and ettringite phase through physical encapsulation, precipitation, adsorption or substitution mechanisms, and Pb is mainly solidified in C-S-H phase and absorbed in the Si-O structure.     

Photochemical indicators of ozone sensitivity: application in the Pearl River Delta,China

Surface O₃ production has a highly nonlinear relationship with its precursors. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of O₃-NO _x -VOC-sensitivity regimes complicates the control-decision making. In this paper, the indicator method was used to establish the relationship between O₃ sensitivity and assessment indicators. Six popular ratios indicating ozone-precursor sensitivity, HCHO/NO _y , H₂O₂/ HNO₃, O₃/NO _y , O₃/NO _z , O₃/HNO₃, and H₂O₂/NO _z , were evaluated based on the distribution of NO_x- and VOC-sensitive regimes. WRF-Chem was used to study a serious ozone episode in fall over the Pearl River Delta (PRD). It was found that the south-west of the PRD is characterized by a VOCsensitive regime, while its north-east is NO _x -sensitive, with a sharp transition area between the two regimes. All indicators produced good representations of the elevated ozone hours in the episode on 6 November 2009, with H₂O₂/HNO₃ being the best indicator. The threshold sensitivity levels for HCHO/NO_y, H₂O₂/HNO₃, O₃/NO _y , O₃/NO _z , O₃/HNO₃, and H₂O₂/NO _z were estimated to be 0.41, 0.55, 10.2, 14.0, 19.1, and 0.38, respectively. Threshold intervals for the indicators H₂O₂/HNO₃, O₃/NO _y , O₃/NO _z , O₃/HNO₃, and H₂O₂/NO _z were able to identify more than 95% of VOC- and NO _x -sensitive grids. The ozone episode on 16 November 16 2008 was used to independently verify the results, and it was found that only H₂O₂/HNO₃ and H₂O₂/NO _z were able to differentiate the ozone sensitivity regime well. Hence, these two ratios are suggested as the most appropriate indicators for identifying fall ozone sensitivity in the PRD. Since the species used for indicators have seasonal variation, the utility of those indicators for other seasons should be investigated in the future work.

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等离子改性CNT/TiO2电极吸附去除水中苯酚的研究

利用电感耦合空气等离子体对涂覆法制备的CNT/TiO2复合电极进行射频放电改性处理.复合电极的表面形貌、润湿性及元素成分分别通过扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测试仪、x射线光电子能谱(XPS)进行了表征.结果表明,改性后有利于苯酚吸附,电极比表面孔隙、亲水性、TiO2及含氧官能团均得以增加;循环伏安测试(CV)表明改性后电极比电容提高54%;改性后复合电极对苯酚的吸附量较改性前提高了45%.且等离子改性CNT/TiO2电极对苯酚的去除量随电压、苯酚初始浓度的增加而增加,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型.     

树脂基纳米零价铁复合材料的制备及其去除重金属铅Pb(Ⅱ)的性能研究

凭借着优越的还原活性,纳米零价铁在环境污染治理和修复领域应用广泛。通过将纳米零价铁(n ZVI)颗粒负载到大孔阴离子和阳离子交换树脂上,成功制备出2种树脂基纳米零价铁复合材料。研究了2种复合材料及其载体对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除性能,考察了不同载体功能基团对复合材料去除Pb(Ⅱ)性能的影响。结果表明:以大孔阴离子交换树脂为载体的D001-Fe0复合材料因具有离子交换和化学还原双重作用,对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除效率高、速率快。     

输氧抽气技术在垃圾填埋场治理中的关键参数试验研究

输氧抽气技术是基于好氧降解原理对垃圾填埋场中固体废弃物实施原位处理的先进环保技术。采用该技术对垃圾填埋场中固体废弃物减量化研究,总结了技术应用中的关键参数:有效影响半径,最佳真空度等。结果表明抽气流量大小与影响半径密切相关,抽气影响半径建议取20~25 m,抽气系统最优负压为20 k Pa,同时在技术应用过程中应保证垃圾场表层覆盖层的密封性能,尽量减少空气的渗入。输氧抽气技术在垃圾场的成功实施为同类型场地治理提供工程技术参考。     

浅议电动葫芦定期检验周期的调整

文章根据某大型企业电动葫芦的使用现状,从设备运行、安全操作、使用成本、安全检测及相关法律法规等角度分析,论证了延长电动葫芦检验周期的可行性和必要性,提出了节约检验机构检测资源、降低企业安全监管成本,提高企业安全管理绩效的新观点。     

6种苯系物对虾夷扇贝的生殖毒性作用

采用半静水式毒性试验,研究了6种苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙基苯、邻–二甲苯、间–二甲苯、对–二甲苯)对虾夷扇贝的生殖毒性作用。在水温(16±0.5)℃、盐度30.0、p H 8.0条件下,用0.5、2.5、12.5 mg·L-1的苯、甲苯、乙基苯、邻–二甲苯、间–二甲苯、对–二甲苯处理虾夷扇贝的精子、胚胎和幼体,观察6种苯系物对虾夷扇贝的精子活力、卵子受精率、胚胎延滞率、胚胎畸形率、孵化率、幼体畸形率的影响。同时通过透射电镜观察6种苯系物(2.5 mg·L-1)对虾夷扇贝精子超微结构的损伤作用。结果发现:不同浓度苯系物处理组与对照组(0.0 mg·L-1)相比,虾夷扇贝精子的运动时间、卵子受精率及胚胎孵化率显著降低;胚胎发育延滞率、胚胎畸形率和幼体畸形率显著增加为并与处理浓度之间存在显著的剂量—效应关系。以上结果表明实验浓度下,6种苯系物对虾夷扇贝具有较强的胚胎毒性和生殖毒性作用。通过电镜切片发现,2.5 mg·L-1的苯、甲苯、乙基苯、邻–二甲苯、间–二甲苯、对–二甲苯导致虾夷扇贝精子超微结构损伤,表现为:精子质膜断裂、部分溶解,线粒体质膜和内嵴断裂、部分溶解。苯系物对虾夷扇贝精子超微结构的损伤可能是影响其精子活力和降低卵子受精率的主要原因之一。上述结果为苯系物对海洋贝类的生殖毒性评价提供基础数据。     

合流制雨水泵站溢流污水消毒试验研究

论述了合流制排水系统污水溢流消毒处理的必要性。提出采用粪大肠杆菌群数≤104个/L作为污水消毒的卫生学指标。试验结果表明,达到CSO紧急消毒要求的几种氧化性消毒剂最佳投加量为次氯酸钠30mg/L,次氯酸钙25mg/L,二氧化氯20mg/L(均以有效氯计);二氧化氯>次氯酸钙>次氯酸钠>双氧水。     

焦化废水除油工艺中混凝剂的选择

以焦化废水处理工艺中的实例证实了聚合氯化铝(PAC)加聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)组合的优良除油性能,并从理论上及实际应用中进行了分析,对PAC加PAM组合在焦化废水处理中应用的优缺点进行了比较。