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121.
对净化废气中SO2的生物膜填料塔内的微生物进行了分离纯化并做鉴定,得到一株嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans IEL001)和一株分类地位非常接近链二孢属(Bispora sp.)的极端嗜酸真菌IEL002,生物膜填料塔内的极端酸性环境和有机营养的缺乏导致生物膜上的微生物种类较为单一,多样性程度不高。本研究还发现IEL002自身并不能氧化单质硫,但它能促进Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans IEL001对单质硫的氧化。 相似文献
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124.
The sedimentation capabilities of hexadecyltrimethylammonium-modified montmorillonites 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Natural montmorillonite was modified with a quaternary ammonium compound, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA). The sedimentation capabilities of unmodified and modified montmorillonites were then investigated. The sedimentation velocity of modified montmorillonites increased if the amounts of adsorbed HDTMA were from 0.3 to 1.0 times the cation exchange capacitity (CEC). It also emerged that the sedimentation capability of modified montmorillonites was improved and that the variously CEC-modified montmorillonites had similar sedimentation capabilities after they had sorbed organic matter from oily wastewater. Thus, modified montmorillonites (especially 0.5 CEC treatment) had good sedimentation capabilities for sorbing organic substance and can act as carriers in wastewater biotreatment. 相似文献
125.
Occurrence and treatment trials of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in wastewaters 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
This study demonstrates that both synthetic and natural endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (e.g., bisphenol A, estrone and 17beta-estradiol) were found in the crude wastewaters from two wastewater treatment works (WwTWs). Conventional biological processes can lower EDCs concentrations to several tens to hundreds ngl(-1). Since natural EDCs (e.g., estrone and 17beta-estradiol) have biological activity and adverse impact on the environment at extremely low concentrations (several tens of ngl(-1)), further treatment after conventional biological processes is required. Preliminary trials with ferrate(VI) and electrochemical oxidation process demonstrated that both processes can effectively reduce EDCs to very low levels, ranging between 10 and 100ngl(-1), but the former is more effective than the latter to reduce COD concentration in wastewater for given studying conditions. 相似文献
126.
Yu X Zhou P Zhou X Liu Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(4):221-226
Background Little is known about metabolism rates of environmental chemicals by vegetation. A good model compound to study the variation
of rates among plant species is cyanide. Vascular plants possess an enzyme system that detoxifies cyanide by converting it
to the amino acid asparagine. Knowledge of the kinetic parameters, the half-saturation constant (Km) and the maximum metabolic
capacity (vmax), is very useful for enzyme characterization and biochemical purposes. The goal of this study is to find the
enzyme kinetics (KM and vmax) during cyanide metabolism in the presence of Chinese vegetation, to provide quantitative data
for engineered phytoremediation, and to investigate the variation of metabolic rates of plants.
Methods Detached leaves (1.0 g fresh weight) from 12 species out of 9 families were kept in glass vessels with 100 mL of aqueous
solution spiked with potassium cyanide at 23°C for 28 h. Four different treatment concentrations of cyanide were used, ranging
from 0.44 to 7.69 mg CN/L. The disappearance of cyanide from the aqueous solution was analyzed spectrophotometrically. Realistic
values of the half-saturation constant (KM) and the maximum metabolic capacity (vmax) were estimated by a computer program
using non-linear regression treatments. As a comparison, Lineweaver-Burk plots were also used to estimate the kinetic parameters.
Results and Discussion The values obtained for KM and vmax varied with plant species. Using non-linear regression treatments, values of vmax and
KM were found in a range between 6.68 and 21.91 mg CN/kg/h and 0.90 to 3.15 mg CN/L, respectively. The highest vmax was by
Chinese elder (Sambucus chinensis), followed by upright hedge-parsley (Torilis japonica). The lowest vmax was demonstrated
by the hybrid willow (Salix matssudana x alba). However, the highest KM was found in the water lily (Nymphea teragona), followed
by the poplar (Populus deltoides Marsh). The lowest KM was demonstrated by corn (Zea mays L.). The values of vmax were normally
distributed with a mean of 13 mg CN/kg/h.
Conclusions Significant removal of cyanide from aqueous solution was observed in the presence of plant materials without phytotoxicity,
even at high doses of cyanide. This gives rise to the conclusion that the Chinese plant species used in this study are all
able to efficiently metabolize cyanide, although with different maximum metabolic capacities. A second conclusion is that
the variation of metabolism rates between species is small. All these plants had a similar KM, indicating the same enzyme
is active in all plants.
Recommendations and Outlook Detoxification of cyanide with trees seems to be a feasible option for cleaning soils and water contaminated with cyanide.
For phytoremediation projects, screening appropriate plant species adapted to local conditions should be seriously considered.
More chemicals should be investigated to find common principles of the metabolism of environmental chemicals by plants. 相似文献
127.
128.
Yue Zhang Hongsheng Zhang Luping Ni Qilin Zhou Weihong Guo Chifei Wu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):647-653
Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (R-PET) was blended with 15–30 wt% of styrene–ethylene/butylenes–styrene (SEBS) block
copolymer and maleic anhydride grafted SEBS (SEBS-g-MA). Effects of nucleation and toughening of the elastomers were evaluated
systematically by study of morphology, crystallization, thermal and mechanical properties of the blend. The addition of 30 wt%
SEBS promoted the formation of co-continuous structure of the blend and caused the fracture mechanism to change from strain
softening to strain hardening. Addition of SEBS-g-MA resulted in significant modification of phase morphology and obviously
improved the impact strength. The compatibilization reaction of PET with SEBS-g-MA accelerated the crystallization of PET
and increased the crystallinity. The shifts in glass transition temperature of PET towards that of SEBS-g-MA and the higher
modulus for R-PET/SEBS-g-MA (70/30) blend found by DMA are also indications of better interactions under the conditions of
compatibilization and interpenetrating structure. 相似文献
129.
Xinying Li Quanyuan Chen Yasu Zhou Mark Tyrer Yang Yu 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(12):2494-2504
The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of silica fume on stabilizing heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. In addition to compressive strength measurements, hydrated pastes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal-analyses (DTA/TG), and MAS NMR (27Al and 29Si) techniques. It was found that silica fume additions could effectively reduce the leaching of toxic heavy metals. At the addition of 20% silica fume, leaching concentrations for Cu, Pb and Zn of the hydrated paste cured for 7 days decreased from 0.32 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L, 40.99 mg/L to 4.40 mg/L, and 6.96 mg/L to 0.21 mg/L compared with the MSWI fly ash. After curing for 135 days, Cd and Pb in the leachates were not detected, while Cu and Zn concentrations decreased to 0.02 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L. The speciation of Pb and Cd by the modified version of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) extractions showed that these metals converted into more stable state in hydrated pastes of MSWI fly ash in the presence of silica fume. Although exchangeable and weak-acid soluble fractions of Cu and Zn increased with hydration time, silica fume addition of 10% can satisfy the requirement of detoxification for heavy metals investigated in terms of the identification standard of hazardous waste of China. 相似文献
130.
Zhang Yong Xiao Gang Wang Guanxing Zhou Tao Jiang Dawei 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(4):1376-1382
Medical waste management is of great importance due to its infectious and hazardous nature that can cause undesirable effects on humans and the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the present status of medical waste management in the light of medical waste control regulations in Nanjing. A comprehensive inspection survey was conducted for 15 hospitals, 3 disposal companies and 200 patients. Field visits and a questionnaire survey method were implemented to collect information regarding different medical waste management aspects, including medical waste generation, segregation and collection, storage, training and education, transportation, disposal, and public awareness.The results indicated that the medical waste generation rate ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 kg/bed day with a weighted average of 0.68 kg/bed day. The segregated collection of various types of medical waste has been conducted in 73% of the hospitals, but 20% of the hospitals still use unqualified staff for medical waste collection, and 93.3% of the hospitals have temporary storage areas. Additionally, 93.3% of the hospitals have provided training for staff; however, only 20% of the hospitals have ongoing training and education. It was found that the centralized disposal system has been constructed based on incineration technology, and the disposal cost of medical waste is about 580 US$/ton. The results also suggested that there is not sufficient public understanding of medical waste management, and 77% of respondents think medical waste management is an important factor in selecting hospital services.The problematic areas of medical waste management in Nanjing are addressed by proposing some recommendations that will ensure that potential health and environmental risks of medical waste are minimized. 相似文献