一种包埋微生物复合填料的制备及性能评价

采用包埋法制备出一种复合生物填料,测其各项理化性质,并以NO。模拟废气验证其脱硝性能。填料主要由碳酸钙、牛粪堆肥腐殖质、菌剂载体、水泥、轻质珍珠岩、立体网状纤维及脱硝功能微生物等复合而成,粒径书12mm×20mm,自然堆积密度（471±0．8）kg／m2,持水量（49±1．3）％,比表面积3．91m2／g,平均机械强度（427．3±0．2）N,pH为10．5-0．2。填料能长期在潮湿环境中保持良好的粘结强度,并具有营养缓释及pH缓冲能力。包埋脱硝功能微生物复合填料中初期微生物数量5．3×10^5 CFU／g,运行60d后微生物数量达到8．6×10 8 CFU／g,闲置停运30d微生物有所减少,但重启后净化效率基本不变。当进气负荷低于I878mg／（13m3·h）,气体停留时间为14．47s时,BF,的去除率高达93．15％。     

The fate and risk of selected pharmaceutical and personal care products in wastewater treatment plants and a pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland system

The removal of 12 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in two full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and a tertiary treatment system was studied. The ecological risks of effluents from both secondary and tertiary treatment systems as well as excess sludge were evaluated. Primary treatment and ultraviolet light disinfection showed limited ability to remove most selected PPCPs. The combination of an anaerobic process and triple-oxidation ditches can eliminate DEET better than the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process. Adsorption to sludge played a key role in the removal of triclocarban. Multistage constructed wetlands as a tertiary treatment efficiently removed caffeine and ibuprofen from wastewater and could decrease the risk of partial selected PPCPs. Selected PPCPs residues in excess sludge generally produced higher risks to the ecological environment than effluents from WWTPs.     

基于控制单元的水环境容量核算研究——以锦江流域为例

水环境容量核算是流域水环境容量总量分配的重要依据,关系到流域水质目标的实现。控制单元作为流域水环境管理的一个基本实施单位,以其为基础开展水环境容量核算,对于科学制定控制单元容量总量分配具有重要意义。以江西省锦江流域为例,根据水环境容量核算的基本原理,结合锦江流域的污染状况、水质现状和水环境功能区划,对流域各控制单元COD和氨氮的水环境容量进行分析,结果表明,控制单元的水环境容量与其内排污口的分布及功能区水质目标密切相关,COD的水环境容量以高安控制单元的最大,为 21 811 t/a;其次为上宜控制单元,为 21 168 t/a;再次为新丰控制单元,为 14 493 t/a;万载控制单元的最小,为 7 607 t/a。氨氮的水环境容量在各控制单元的分布特征与COD的略有不同,以上宜控制单元的最大,为790 t/a;其次为高安控制单元,为664 t/a;再次为新丰控制单元,为462 t/a;万载控制单元的最小,为303 t/a     

A survey-based evaluation of community-based co-management of forest resources: a case study of Baishuijiang National Natural Reserve in China

Community-based co-management (CBCM) mechanisms for forest management have matured through the development of new economic analysis and common property theory. However, while many local CBCM mechanisms have been initiated in Chinese Natural Reserves, there are few objective, data-based evaluations of whether these mechanisms improve forest conservation and local livelihoods. This research uses Baishuijiang National Natural Reserve (BNNR) as a study case to evaluate China’s current CBCM mechanisms. The evaluation is based mainly on three criteria: efficiency, equality and sustainability of project operation. Survey data indicate that local CBCM mechanisms provide a wide-participation platform for local villagers, associated administration managers, research institutions and NGOs to join in forest resource protection work while improving local livelihood. CBCM projects have also facilitated a reduction in forest resource dependency, the improvement of household income and encouragement of local people to participate in forest resource protection. Our analysis suggests that most CBCM organizations have made progress in efficiency, equity and sustainability. However, further study should focus on how to deal with the lingering problems of inequity in responsibility and rights among CBCM committee members, poor distribution of benefits, insufficient program-design and management expertise, faulty information dissemination, and insufficient capital investment.     

Abnormal glucose regulation in pyrethroid pesticide factory workers

The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between pyrethroids occupational exposures, and risk of abnormal glucose regulation. Data from total of 3080 subjects in two pesticide factories were used. This was a population-based case-controlled study in China. In total, 18.3% of subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 6.5% of subjects with diabetes, and the prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation was 24.8%, 86 subjects had known type 2 diabetes and 114 had newly diagnosed diabetes. The prevalence of subjects with abnormal glucose regulation increased from 21.3% in the controls to 29.3% in the exposures (χ² = 33.182, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression was used to control potential confounders and calculate odd ratios as the estimate of effect. An indication of increased risk for abnormal glucose regulation was noted for exposure to pyrethroids (OR = 1.482, 95%CI = 1.238-1.774). Abnormal glucose regulation is common in subjects exposed to pyrethroids. The present investigation indicates the adverse health effects of pyrethroids are underestimated.     

基于"脱钩"模式的低碳城市评价

由于历史及现状等诸多因素,以二氧化碳减排绝对量为基础的低碳城市评价模式并不适用于中国;本研究从经济发展、物质消耗与污染物排放相互关系的视角,以"脱钩"模式为目标层,经济发展、碳排放、污染物排放与经济发展为准则层,CO2排放等8个具体指标为指标层建立低碳城市评价指标体系,定量描述经济发展过程中单位GDP污染物排放降低的态势,进而表征城市发展过程中的经济、资源、环境变化的历史趋势并反映城市低碳建设现状.针对沈阳市的案例研究表明,沈阳市2001年至2008年总体的生态效率与资源利用效率呈现逐渐提高的态势,沈阳市现阶段的低碳城市建设水平处于"相对脱钩"阶段,与目前中国经济宏观发展态势相符合.本研究表明,"脱钩"评价模式可以避免基于污染物总量的评价模式中忽略经济发展因素而产生的片面性,可以表征中国当前经济高速发展前提下的城市低碳建设水平,为目前的"低碳城市"评价方法提供有益尝试.     

A sensitive monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chlorpyrifos residue determination in Chinese agricultural samples

A monoclonal antibody-based competitive antibody-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and optimized for determining chlorpyrifos residue in agricultural products. The IC(50) and IC(10) of this ELISA were 3.3 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL respectively. The average recoveries in six agricultural products were between 79.5% and 118.0%, with the intra-assay coefficient of variation being less than 8 %. The limit of detection for all tested products was 30 ng/g. To the best of our knowledge, this assay has the best specificity among all the published research on ELISAs for chlorpyrifos.     

杂多酸水溶液脱除烟气中SO2的性能研究

合成了H3PMo12O40、H4SiW12O40、H3PW12O40、H4PMo11VO40、H5PMo10V2O40和H6PMo9V3O406种杂多酸,分别采用红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）表征杂多酸的结构,并采用气相色谱仪对6种杂多酸水溶液进行脱硫实验测试。实验结果表明：制备的6种杂多酸具有良好的Keggin型结构;H3PMo12O40、H3PW12O40和H4SiW12O40的3种水溶液中,磷钼杂多酸的脱硫性能最好,脱硫率在120 min时可达到16.38%;不同比例的多原子也会使杂多酸有不同的脱硫性能,脱硫性能顺序为：H6PMo9V3O40〉H5PMo10V2O40〉H4PMo11VO40;且6种杂多酸的脱硫稳定性的顺序为：H4PMo11VO40〉H6PMo9V3O40〉H3PMo12O40〉H5PMo10V2O40〉H4SiW12O40≈H3PW12O40。     

稻秆对铜绿微囊藻抑制作用的研究

研究了稻秆浸出液对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制作用.研究表明,稻秆浸出液中含有的化学物质抑制了铜绿微囊藻的生长繁殖.稻秆浸泡时间的延长,有利于提高浸出液的抑藻效果,但浸泡时间过长则无益于抑藻效果提高,浸泡时间为15 d时,抑制率能高达75.99%.稻秆浸出液投加量达7.5%以上具有显著的抑藻效果.不同部位的水稻秸秆浸出液对铜绿...