太湖流域漕桥河沉积物重金属污染特征分布

研究了太湖流域漕桥河沉积物的重金属含量特征,结果显示,漕桥河沉积物的Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd的平均含量分别为46.5、40.6、149.9、58.7、0.54 mg·kg-1,不同的重金属之间存在显著相关关系(P<0.05),说明漕桥河沉积物重金属之间存在一定的同源性.除Cd外,其它重金属有效态比例均在15%以下.有效态随着总量的增加而增加,两者之间达到显著相关关系(P<0.05).沉积物中的不同重金属均呈现富集的趋势.生物毒性效应评价显示,Ni是可能造成生物负面影响的主要因子,其次是Cu、Zn;ERMQ评价说明漕桥河部分区域的沉积物已经存在生物毒性的风险.     

Dioxin-like compounds in agricultural soils near e-waste recycling sites from Taizhou area, China: chemical and bioanalytical characterization

The crude recycling of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) is now creating a new set of environmental problems especially in developing countries such as China. The present study aimed to characterize the dioxin-like compounds in Taizhou area, one of the largest e-waste recycling centers in China, using both chemical analysis and in vitro bioassay. Agricultural soil samples were screened for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity with EROD bioassay in H4IIE cells, and the concentrations of the target AhR agonists including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by instruments. The bioassay-derived TCDD equivalents (TEQ(bio)) and the chemical-calculated TCDD equivalents (TEQ(cal)) were then compared, and mass balance analysis was conducted to identify the contributors of the observed response. Raw soil extracts from all locations induced significant AhR activities, where the TEQ(bio) ranged from 5.3 to 210 pg/g dry weight soil (pg/g dw). The total concentrations of 17 PCDD/Fs, 36 PCBs and 16 PAHs varied from 210 to 850 pg/g dw, 11 to 100 ng/g dw, and 330 to 20,000 ng/g dw, respectively. Profile characterization of the target analytes revealed that there were similar sources originating from the crude dismantling of electric power equipments and the open burning of e-waste. There was a significant relationship between TEQ(cal) and TEQ(bio) (r=0.99, p<0.05). Based on the mass balance analysis, PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PAHs could account for the observed AhR responses in vitro elicited by soil extracts, though their respective contributions varied depending on sample location. In this study, the combination of chemical analysis and bioanalytical measurements proved valuable for screening, identifying and prioritizing the causative agents within complex environmental matrices.     

Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning, China

A field survey was conducted to investigate the metal contamination in soils and vegetables, and to evaluate the possible health risks to local population through foodchain transfer near a smelter in Nanning, southern China. Contamination levels in soils and vegetables with cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were measured, and transfer factors (TF) from soils to vegetable plants and its health risk (risk index, RI) were calculated accordingly. Results showed that both soils and vegetables from villages 1 and 2 (V1 and V2, 1500 m and 500 m from the smelter) were heavily contaminated, compared to a village 50 km from the smelter. Geometric mean of Cd and Pb concentrations in vegetables for V1 and V2, respectively, were 0.15 and 0.24 mg Cd kg(-1) and 0.45 and 0.38 mg Pb kg(-1) (on fresh weight basis). Oral intake of Cd and Pb through vegetables poses high health risk to local residents. Risk indices for V1 and V2, respectively, were 3.87 and 7.42 for Cd, and 1.44 and 13.5 for Pb. The complexity of metal contamination and their health risks are also discussed.     

纤维板厂废水处理实验

用明矾作混凝剂，生石灰为助凝剂剂对纤维板厂生产废水进行混凝处理，COD去除率达67％，其上清液用延时生化法，曝气12h后，出水COD，SS，PH，色度均达到行业排放标准，沉淀用低速离心脱水，效果显著，泥饼可作为燃料综合利用。     

“入世”对环境保护和对外贸易的影响及对策措施

着重分析了中国加入WTO应遵循的环境与贸易政策取向 ,系统评价了WTO及其贸易协定可能对环境与贸易产生的积极作用和消极影响 ,提出了利用贸易手段加强环境保护的对策措施。     

加强生态建设 促进经济发展--关于县域经济可持续发展的几点思考

党的十六大提出的要在本世纪头20年集中精力全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标，对于我们这样一个经济欠发达地区来说，既是一种强大的压力，也是一次难得的机遇，要实现这一目标，既要充分肯定我县目前已拥有的经济实力，更要理性的分析所存在的差距。面临的形势与任务只有充分发挥现有各方面的优势，把潜能发挥出来才能后来居上。     

Formation and cytotoxicity of a new disinfection by-product (DBP) phenazine by chloramination of water containing diphenylamine

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water have caused worldwide concern due to their potential carcinogenic effects. The formation of phenazine from diphenylamine (DPhA) chloramination was studied and its cytotoxicities for two human cancer cells were also investigated. Phenazine was detected synchronously with the consumption of DPhA by chloramination, which further confirmed that the new DBP phenazine can be produced along with N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) from DPhA chloramination. The formation of phenazine had a maximum molar yield with solution pH increasing from 5.0 to 9.0, with phenazine as the main product for DPhA chloramination at lower pH, but higher pH favored the formation of NDPhA. Thus, solution pH is the key factor in controlling the formation of phenazine and NDPhA. Both the initial DPhA and chloramine concentrations did not show a significant effect on the molar yields of phenazine, although increasing the chloramine concentration could speed up the reaction rate of DPhA with chloramines. The cytotoxicity assays showed that phenazine had significant cell-specific toxicity towards T24 (bladder cancer cell lines) and HepG2 (hepatic tumor cell lines) cells with IC50 values of 0.50 and 2.04 mmol/L, respectively, and T24 cells being more sensitive to phenazine than HepG2 cells. The IC50 values of phenazine, DPhA, and NDPhA for T24 cells were of the same order of magnitude and the cytotoxicity of phenazine for T24 cells was slightly lower than that of NDPhA (IC50, 0.16 mmol/L), suggesting that phenazine in drinking water may have an adverse effect on human health.     

A review of rapid transport of pesticides from sloping farmland to surface waters:Processes and mitigation strategies

Pesticides applied to sloping farmland may lead to surface water contamination through rapid transport processes as influenced by the complex topography and high spatial variability of soil properties and land use in hilly or mountainous regions. However, the fate of pesticides applied to sloping farmland has not been sufficiently elucidated. This article reviews the current understanding of pesticide transport from sloping farmland to surface water. It examines overland flow and subsurface lateral flow in areas where surface soil is underlain by impervious subsoil or rocks and tile drains. It stresses the importance of quantifying and modeling the contributions of various pathways to rapid pesticide loss at catchment and regional scales. Such models could be used in scenario studies for evaluating the effectiveness of possible mitigation strategies such as constructing vegetated strips, depressions, wetlands and drainage ditches, and implementing good agricultural practices. Field monitoring studies should also be conducted to calibrate and validate the transport models as well as biophysical-economic models, to optimize mitigation measures in areas dominated by sloping farmland.     

全氟异丁烯的毒性和检测防护技术

本文介绍了全氟异丁烯(PFIB)物化性质及产生;总结了其毒性;分析了气相色谱法分析PFIB方法:讨论了人员和环境防护技术.     

2009国际工业安全用品及健康用品（A＋A）展见闻

南中国纺织品商业协会安全健康防护用品委员会陈海达秘书长为团长,国内劳保行业内的部分企业组成的的赴欧洲考察团共13人于2009年10月26日从上海出发抵达巴黎,先后途经法国、比利时、荷兰,于11月4日到达德国杜塞尔多夫,参观了2009国际工业安全用品及健康用品展(A+A).