民国前期荆江两岸地区洪水灾害若干特征分析

“万里长江，险在荆江”，民国前期（1912-1927）荆江两岸地区水灾频仍．在荆江两岸地区1912-1927年洪水灾害相关资料的基础上，运用一般统计方法和理论分析了这一时期洪水灾害的若干特征，即普遍性、连续性、积累性和区域性四个特征．对洪水灾害基本特征及其规律的探讨至今对于有效的进行水患治理与防治仍有着深远的影响．     

“赛力奇”的致突变性研究

选用Ａｍｅｓ试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验和小鼠显性致死突变试验对新型食品添加剂“赛力奇”的致突变性进行了检验。结果表明：三项试验的结果均生。根据国家《食品安全性毒理学评价程序（试行）》的规定，认为“赛力奇”无致突变性。     

燃煤锅炉除尘脱硫废水处理与循环利用技术

介绍了采用沉灰、沉渣中和、微滤三池毗连的废水处理方法及板式微孔过滤新技术，实现燃煤锅炉除尘脱硫废水封闭循环利用。     

煤沥青烟气对大鼠肺损伤及免疫功能的影响

采用自然吸入的暴露方法，通过分析肺灌洗液成分及脾脏淋巴细胞的转化功能，观察碳素厂冷压车间空气对大鼠肺损伤及免疫功能的影响，结果表明，在自然吸入染毒期间，引起大鼠肺灌洗液中乳酸氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和唾液含量或高，肺巨噬细胞及其Ｆｃ受体数降低，并且还引起脾脏淋巴细胞的转化能力下降。     

废水处理方案选择专家系统的设计

介绍了一种用于选择工业废水工艺流程方案的专家系统的设计。该系统采用框架式结构对知识进行描述，用指标函数方程进行各种费用的计算比较，最终得出最佳处理工艺流程方案。     

美国城市生活垃圾处理的借鉴

近十年来．美国垃圾产量一直在稳步增长，垃圾回收率增幅较大，垃圾填理率趋于稳定．垃圾焚烧率已呈下降趋势。美国政府从70年代初开始以立法的形式来解决垃圾处理问题，在制订全面的垃圾管理法律的基础上，实现从垃圾产生的源头削减到垃圾最终处理的减量化，最终减少垃圾对环境的危害。经过几十年的发展和变革，形成了一套比较完善和行之有效的垃圾处理管理体系，在垃圾的管理上取得了十分明显的效果，值得各国借鉴。     

用浮游及底栖动物评价饮马河水质

根据浮游及底栖动物种群结构和数量分布特点，对秦皇岛市饮马河水质进行了初步评价，评价结果表明，生物监测技术方法可行，简单直观，与化学监测的结果基本一致。饮马河全程水质属于中-重污染。     

Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

Fugitive road dust (FRD) contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities. However, there is a lack of information on its effectiveness. We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index (a) and PM concentration in the road environment ($T_{\mathrm{T}}^{*}$), to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface (${\eta }_a$) and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment (${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$). The results give that the ${\eta }_a$ for three types of roads is ranked: branch road (87%-–100%) > major arterial road (80%-83%) > minor arterial road (68%-77%), and the ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ ranked: minor arterial road (70%) > branch road (46%-58%) > major arterial road (37%-53%). The ${\eta }_a$ and ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve. The average effective control time (${\eta }_{\mathit{a}}$> 0) was 62 min on the major and minor arterial roads, and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads. The ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads. Water-sprinkling can remove PM₁₀ particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM_2.5. Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.     

Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto bentonites modified with AlCl3 and CTMAB

The purpose of this work is to synthesize a new type of bentonite sorbent that can simultaneously remove both organic compounds and phosphate from water. Inorganic-organic bentonites (Al-CTMAB-Bent) were synthesized by modifying bentonites with both AlCl₃ and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB). Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto Al-CTMAB-Bent was examined. Removal rates of phenanthrene and phosphate from water reached 96.3% and 90.2%, respectively, at their respective initial concentrations of 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L and the added amount of Al-CTMAB-Bent was 1.25 g/L. The residual turbidity of the Al-CTMAB-Bent suspension decreased 81.4% compared to that of organobentonite suspension after a 1 h settling time. Thus, inorganic-organic bentonite can be used to treat wastewater containing both organic pollutants and phosphate. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1): 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers’ health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92%–100%, 91%–104%, and 0.26–0.82 ng/m³, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159–0.2828 mg/m³ with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m³. The average concentrations of form aldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m³, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043–0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1) 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]