地下渗滤在大学园区生活污水处理中的应用

地下渗滤工艺是土地生态处理系统的一种类型,其设备简单,投资少,操作管理方便,且能耗低、净化效果好。在此介绍了地下渗滤处理污水系统在大学园区的应用情况,运行结果表明,该工艺结合园区绿地建设不仅可行,而且处理水质优于回用标准,环境效益和经济效益显著。     

采油废水处理方法与技术研究进展

采油废水具有成分复杂、可生化性差、含盐量高等特点,直接排放可对环境造成严重影响。对近年来国内外采油废水的特点和处理技术方法研究进展进行了综述,分析各类处理方法的特点,并提出了今后研究方向。     

安全网试验方法的探索

安全网是一种极其普遍的特种劳动防护用品,在人们日常生产生活中应用十分广泛,尤其适用于建筑工地等高处作业.安全网对保护劳动者生命安全起着举足轻重的作用.因此,国家安监局、国家质监总局分别把该产品列为LA和QS管理产品.由于安全网质量要求至关重要,国家已制订出安全网的相关检验标准.其中安全网的耐冲击性能是安全网的一项重要物理指标,本文依据国家现行标准,对安全网的耐冲击性试验方法进行探索.     

液液萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定水中五氯酚及其钠盐

采用液液萃取处理水样,用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定样品中五氯酚及其钠盐,通过优化测定条件,使方法在1.00μg/L～500μg/L范围内线性良好.检出限和定量限分别为1.00μg/L和5.00μg/L,空白水样五氯酚钠3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为89.8％～98.4％,5次平行试验测定结果的RSD为5.5％～10.7％...     

矿产资源规划理论的形成和发展

矿产资源规划是区域发展规划的重要组成部分,是政府对矿业经济进行宏观调控的一种手段。本文从理论更新和完善的角度重新确立了区域矿产资源规划的理论体系,提出矿产资源规划理论经历形成、发展与创新三个阶段,并就矿产资源配置与价格规律、矿产资源经济区划理论和可持续发展理论在其中的深远影响进行了初步探讨。     

赣江一级支流浮游植物群落动态特征分析——以袁河为例

2009年6、11月和2010年4月共3个水情期（即丰、枯和平水期）对赣江下游一级支流袁河的浮游植物群落结构特征开展河流生态学调查分析。调查共发现浮游植物109种,隶属于6门61属。其中绿藻门物种种类数最多,共27属54种,其次为硅藻门,共15属30种,第三是蓝藻门11属12种。此外,裸藻门3属6种,甲藻门3属4种,隐藻门2属3种。调查样点的浮游植物丰度均处于1.12×105～129.20×105 ind./L,丰水期和枯水期浮游植物以蓝藻为优势类群,平水期则硅藻占绝对优势。丰水期浮游植物优势属为脆杆藻属和席藻属,枯水期为栅藻属,针杆属,蓝隐藻属和小环藻属,到了平水期小环藻属占绝对优势。3个水情期中优势种钝脆杆藻和小席藻（丰水期）;尖尾蓝隐藻和双头针杆藻（枯水期）;梅尼小环藻（平水期）等均为污水指示种。通过生物多样性指数分析发现藻类Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的变化范围分别为：1.14～2.92、0.45～0.93、0.36～0.92和0.42～2.78。通过指示生物群落法和生物多样性指数法对袁河进行水质评价发现两种评价结果基本一致,袁河处于α-β-中污染状态,不同采样点间污染程度差异性较大。     

Effects of humic acids derived from lignite and cattle manure on antioxidant enzymatic activities of barley root

To investigate the effects of humic acids (HAs) on the ability of plants to defend themselves against oxidative stress, barley was hydroponically cultured in the absence and presence of HAs, and the antioxidant enzymatic activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate and glutathione peroxidases) of root tissue were evaluated. Auxin-like structures in HAs, which were extracted from an oxidation product of lignite (LHA) and compost derived from cattle manure (CHA), were identified by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The LHA, which had the lower molecular weight, was more effective in promoting the growth of barley root than CHA. However, the amounts of auxin-like structures in the CHA were much higher than those for LHA. The antioxidant enzymatic activities were initially decreased in the presence of LHA and CHA at the first day after refreshing the culture solution, but were significantly increased on the second day. The CHA sample, which contained relatively high levels of phenolic acids that contained auxin-like structures, was effective in increasing four types of enzymatic activities, while the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were increased in the presence of LHA, which contains naphthalene derivatives. These results indicate that using HAs as a supplement can be effective in enhancing antioxidation enzymatic activities, while the appearance of the effects is retarded because of the decomposition and release of auxin-like compounds from HAs by organic acids from the plant roots.     

Research and application of method of oxygen isotope of inorganic phosphate in Beijing agricultural soils

Phosphorus (P) in agricultural ecosystems is an essential and limited element for plants and microorganisms. However, environmental problems caused by P accumulation as well as by P loss have become more and more serious. Oxygen isotopes of phosphate can trace the sources, migration, and transformation of P in agricultural soils. In order to use the isotopes of phosphate oxygen, appropriate extraction and purification methods for inorganic phosphate from soils are necessary. Here, we combined two different methods to analyze the oxygen isotopic composition of inorganic phosphate (δ¹⁸O_P) from chemical fertilizers and different fractions (Milli-Q water, 0.5 mol L^?1 NaHCO₃ (pH = 8.5), 0.1 mol L^?1 NaOH and 1 mol L^?1 HCl) of agricultural soils from the Beijing area. The δ¹⁸O_P results of the water extracts and NaHCO₃ extracts in most samples were close to the calculated equilibrium value. These phenomena can be explained by rapid P cycling in soils and the influence of chemical fertilizers. The δ¹⁸O_P value of the water extracts and NaHCO₃ extracts in some soil samples below the equilibrium value may be caused by the hydrolysis of organic P fractions mediated by extracellular enzymes. The δ¹⁸O_P values of the NaOH extracts were above the calculated equilibrium value reflecting the balance state between microbial uptake of phosphate and the release of intracellular phosphate back to the soil. The HCl extracts with the lowest δ¹⁸O_P values and highest phosphate concentrations indicated that the HCl fraction was affected by microbial activity. Hence, these δ¹⁸O_p values likely reflected the oxygen isotopic values of the parent materials. The results suggested that phosphate oxygen isotope analyses could be an effective tool in order to trace phosphate sources, transformation processes, and its utilization by microorganisms in agricultural soils.     

Effects of cadmium on forearm bone density after reduction of exposure for 10 years in a Chinese population

The main focus of this study was to evaluate long term effects of cadmium on forearm bone mineral density after stopping ingestion of cadmium-polluted rice for 10 years in a Chinese population. A total of 532 persons (338 women and 194 men), living in control, moderately and heavily polluted areas, were included in this study. The residents living in the polluted area ceased ingesting cadmium-polluted rice in 1996. All participants were require to answer a questionnaire and the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the proximal radius and ulna. Samples of urine and blood were collected for determination of cadmium in urine (UCd) and blood (BCd).The BMD of subjects living in the heavily polluted area was significantly lower than that of those living in control area in both men and women (p < 0.01). For the people living in the moderately polluted area, only the women's BMD was greatly lower compared to that in the control area (p < 0.05). The BMD declined with the increasing BCd and UCd in both sexes, especially in the highest level (BCd > 5 µg/L, UCd > 10 µg/g crea) groups (p < 0.01). It was found that there were significant differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis among the different areas (χ² = 13.046, p = 0.0003) and different UCd groups (χ² = 4.511, p = 0.0337) in women, but not in men (χ² = 0.962, p = 0.3268; χ² = 1.906, p = 0.1675). But a significant difference exists in the prevalence of osteoporosis among different BCd groups in both genders (χ² = 9.304, p = 0.00229, in women; χ² = 4603, p = 0.0319, in men). This study suggested that cadmium could play a long-term role on bone and more attention should be paid to cadmium effects on bone metabolism after reduction of exposure.